莲子心是一种广泛使用的中药，以其镇静和安抚神经的特性而闻名，其主要成分是精油。然而，对睡莲精油（PNEO）的研究有限。本研究旨在研究 PNEO 成分、网络目标分析、基因本体论 (GO) 和京都基因和基因组百科全书 (KEGG) 富集分析以及来自 10 个不同栖息地的莲子的抗氧化活性。 GC-MS 分析鉴定出精油中的 14 种化合物，其中 CP12（β-谷甾醇）浓度最高。首次在莲子中鉴定出五种化合物，其中三种化合物是首次在莲子中报道。网络靶点分析揭示了11种化合物的185个潜在靶点，GO和KEGG富集分析表明PNEO主要位于质膜上，可以调节多种分子功能。 KEGG通路富集分析显示，精油主要富集于与癌症和神经系统相关的通路。 PNEO表现出较强的抗氧化活性，其中N8（福建南平）的ABTS清除能力最高，N7（湖南湘潭）的DPPH自由基清除能力最高。细胞实验表明CP4、CP5和CP10对H2O2引起的氧化损伤具有保护作用。研究表明，来自不同地区的莲子草由于存在独特的化合物，其药理作用可能略有不同，需要进一步研究来探索 PNEO 的潜在治疗益处。© 2023 作者。

Plumula nelumbinis, a widely used traditional Chinese medicine known for its calming and nerve-soothing properties, contains essential oil as a primary component. However, research on P. nelumbinis essential oil (PNEO) is limited. This study aimed to investigate PNEO components, network target analysis, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses, and antioxidant activity of P. nelumbinis from ten different habitats. GC-MS analysis identified 14 compounds in the essential oil, with CP12 (β-Sitosterol) having the highest concentration. Five compounds were identified for the first time in P. nelumbinis, with three of them reported for the first time in the Nelumbo. Network target analysis revealed 185 potential targets for 11 compounds and GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that PNEO was mainly located in the plasma membrane and could regulate a variety of molecular functions. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that the essential oil was primarily enriched in pathways related to cancer and the nervous system. PNEO demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with N8 (Fujiannanping) showing the highest ABTS scavenging capacity and N7 (Hunanxiangtan) showing the highest DPPH radical scavenging capacity. Cell experiments showed that CP4, CP5 and CP10 had protective effects against H2O2-induced oxidative damage. The study suggests that P. nelumbinis from different regions may have slightly different pharmacological effects due to the presence of unique compounds, and further research is necessary to explore the potential therapeutic benefits of PNEO.© 2023 The Authors.