脑肿瘤，特别是胶质母细胞瘤 (GBM)，具有毁灭性且治疗难度大，5 年生存率仅为 6.6%。建立小鼠模型是为了了解肿瘤发生并开发新的治疗策略。大规模基因组研究有助于识别驱动人类脑肿瘤发生和进展的基因改变。具有临床相关基因改变的基因工程小鼠模型（GEMM）被广泛用于研究肿瘤起源。此外，利用来自 GEMM 或其他来源的细胞系的同基因植入模型因其一致且相对较短的潜伏期而受到欢迎，可解决各种脑癌研究问题。近年来，免疫疗法在特定癌症类型中的成功导致癌症免疫学相关研究的激增，这特别需要利用具有免疫能力的小鼠模型。在这篇综述中，我们对成人脑肿瘤的 GEMM 和同基因小鼠模型进行了全面总结，强调了模型起源、遗传改变背景、致癌机制和免疫相关特征等关键特征。我们的评论是脑肿瘤研究界的宝贵资源，有助于选择合适的模型来研究癌症免疫学。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表神经肿瘤学会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限均可通过我们网站文章页面上的“权限”链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

Brain tumors, particularly glioblastoma (GBM), are devastating and challenging to treat, with a low 5-year survival rate of only 6.6%. Mouse models are established to understand tumorigenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. Large-scale genomic studies have facilitated the identification of genetic alterations driving human brain tumor development and progression. Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) with clinically relevant genetic alterations are widely used to investigate tumor origin. Additionally, syngeneic implantation models, utilizing cell lines derived from GEMMs or other sources, are popular for their consistent and relatively short latency period, addressing various brain cancer research questions. In recent years, the success of immunotherapy in specific cancer types has led to a surge in cancer immunology-related research which specifically necessitates the utilization of immunocompetent mouse models. In this review, we provide a comprehensive summary of GEMMs and syngeneic mouse models for adult brain tumors, emphasizing key features such as model origin, genetic alteration background, oncogenic mechanisms, and immune-related characteristics. Our review serves as a valuable resource for the brain tumor research community, aiding in the selection of appropriate models to study cancer immunology.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.