在高级别胶质瘤中，放射治疗后的假性进展可能会极大地影响患者的治疗。我们根据 PRISMA 指南，使用 MEDLINE/Pubmed 和 Embase（截至 2024 年 1 月）搜索高级别胶质瘤假性进展的围手术期影像学预测因子。记录研究设计、样本量、设置、诊断金标准、成像方式和对比度，以及变量或诊断准确性测量之间的差异。研究质量通过 QUADAS-2 工具进行评估。回顾了 12 项研究（11 项采用 MRI，1 项采用 PET；1058 名患者）。大多数研究采用回顾性设计 (9/12) 和结构 MRI (7/12)。研究在指标和诊断参考标准方面存在差异；患者选择偏差是一个经常引起关注的问题。假性进展和进展在围手术期影像学指标上显示出一些显着的组间差异，尽管通常存在大量重叠。放射组学显示出中等准确性，但需要进一步验证。当前文献稀缺，且受到方法论问题的限制，凸显了对新预测变量和多参数方法的需求。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

In high-grade gliomas, pseudoprogression after radiation treatment might dramatically impact patient's management. We searched for perioperative imaging predictors of pseudoprogression in high-grade gliomas according to PRISMA guidelines, using MEDLINE/Pubmed and Embase (until January 2024). Study design, sample size, setting, diagnostic gold standard, imaging modalities and contrasts, and differences among variables or measures of diagnostic accuracy were recorded. Study quality was assessed through the QUADAS-2 tool. Twelve studies (11 with MRI, one with PET; 1058 patients) were reviewed. Most studies used a retrospective design (9/12), and structural MRI (7/12). Studies were heterogeneous in metrics and diagnostic reference standards; patient selection bias was a frequent concern. Pseudoprogression and progression showed some significant group differences in perioperative imaging metrics, although often with substantial overlap. Radiomics showed moderate accuracy but requires further validation. Current literature is scarce and limited by methodological concerns, highlighting the need of new predictors and multiparametric approaches.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.