背景：早期乳腺癌（BC）迫切需要创新的治疗策略。起源于乳腺导管细胞的肿瘤为针对性干预提供了机会。方法：我们探索了通过自然乳头开口进行导管内治疗作为早期 BC 的一种有前途的非侵入性方法。使用功能性近红外 II (NIR-II) 纳米材料，特别是与 Epep 多肽缀合的 NIR-IIb 量子点，用于导管细胞靶向，我们对乳腺导管进行了原位成像和光热消融。导管内给药后用 808 nm 激光刺激。结果：该方法实现了精确的导管破坏并增强了微环境中的免疫反应。该技术在三阴性 BC 小鼠模型和导管原位癌大鼠模型中得到了验证，证明了局部 BC 治疗和预防的潜在治疗潜力。结论：我们的研究证明了 NIR-II 纳米探针在引导乳腺导管无创光热消融方面的有效性，为早期 BC 治疗提供了一条引人注目的途径。© 作者。

Background: Innovative treatment strategies for early-stage breast cancer (BC) are urgently needed. Tumors originating from mammary ductal cells present an opportunity for targeted intervention. Methods: We explored intraductal therapy via natural nipple openings as a promising non-invasive approach for early BC. Using functional Near-infrared II (NIR-II) nanomaterials, specifically NIR-IIb quantum dots conjugated with Epep polypeptide for ductal cell targeting, we conducted in situ imaging and photothermal ablation of mammary ducts. Intraductal administration was followed by stimulation with an 808 nm laser. Results: This method achieved precise ductal destruction and heightened immunological responses in the microenvironment. The technique was validated in mouse models of triple-negative BC and a rat model of ductal carcinoma in situ, demonstrating promising therapeutic potential for localized BC treatment and prevention. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated the effectiveness of NIR-II nanoprobes in guiding non-invasive photothermal ablation of mammary ducts, offering a compelling avenue for early-stage BC therapy.© The author(s).