组蛋白脱乙酰酶 (HDAC) 是一类特殊的水解酶，通过细胞乙酰化的表观遗传控制，在染色质包装、细胞因子信号传导和基因表达等多种过程中发挥调节作用。对细胞功能的广泛影响表明人类疾病中 HDAC 活性失调。虽然传统上是肿瘤学目标，但在过去十年中，癌症以外的几个治疗领域的抑制策略显着增加。本综述重点介绍了神经退行性疾病、代谢紊乱、心血管疾病和病毒感染这四种适应症的进展，重点关注脱乙酰酶在疾病、小分子药物发现和临床进展中的作用。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。

Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a special class of hydrolase enzymes, which through epigenetic control of cellular acetylation, play regulatory roles in various processes including chromatin packing, cytokine signaling, and gene expression. Widespread influence on cell function has implicated dysregulated HDAC activity in human disease. While traditionally an oncology target, in the past decade, there has been a notable rise in inhibition strategies within several therapeutic areas beyond cancer. This review highlights advances in four of these indications, neurodegenerative disease, metabolic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and viral infections, focusing on the role of deacetylases in disease, small molecule drug discovery, and clinical progress.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.