耳鼻喉科是外科领域的一个重要专业，涉及耳、鼻、喉、气管以及相关解剖结构的诊断和治疗。使用现有的药物和手术方法很难治疗各种耳鼻喉疾病。分子和细胞疗法的出现导致了这方面的进一步进展。本文综述了干细胞、免疫细胞和软骨细胞在耳鼻喉科中的治疗策略。作为最广泛认可的细胞衍生物，外泌体在头颈癌、中耳炎和过敏性鼻炎中的治疗潜力也得到了系统的评价。最后，我们总结了干细胞、软骨细胞和外泌体的局限性以及可能的解决方案，并对耳鼻喉科细胞和衍生疗法的未来方向进行了展望，为临床转化提供理论基础。这种治疗方式。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Otolaryngology is an important specialty in the field of surgery that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of the ear, nose, throat, trachea, as well as related anatomical structures. Various otolaryngological disorders are difficult to treat using established pharmacological and surgical approaches. The advent of molecular and cellular therapies led to further progress in this respect. This article reviews the therapeutic strategies of using stem cells, immune cells, and chondrocytes in otorhinolaryngology. As the most widely recognized cell derivatives, exosomes were also systematically reviewed for their therapeutic potential in head and neck cancer, otitis media, and allergic rhinitis. Finally, we summarize the limitations of stem cells, chondrocytes, and exosomes, as well as possible solutions, and provide an outlook on the future direction of cell- and derivative-based therapies in otorhinolaryngology, to offer a theoretical foundation for the clinical translation of this therapeutic modality.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.