肝癌是一项重大的全球健康挑战，其中肝细胞癌（HCC）是最常见的癌症形式，其特点是发病率和死亡率高。尽管靶向治疗和免疫疗法取得了进展，但晚期肝癌的预后仍然很差。这强调了迫切需要更深入地了解 HCC 的分子机制，以实现早期检测和开发新的治疗策略。翻译后修饰 (PTM) 是细胞生物学中至关重要的调节机制，影响蛋白质功能、相互作用和定位。这些修饰，包括磷酸化、乙酰化、甲基化、泛素化和糖基化，发生在蛋白质合成之后，并在各种细胞过程中发挥重要作用。蛋白质组学和分子生物学的最新进展凸显了 PTM 的复杂网络，强调了它们在维持细胞稳态和疾病发病机制中的关键作用。 PTM 失调与 HCC 中的多种恶性细胞过程有关，例如细胞增殖、迁移、免疫逃避和代谢重编程的改变，从而导致肿瘤生长和转移。本综述旨在全面了解肝癌中各种 PTM 的病理机制和临床意义。通过探索 PTM 的多方面相互作用及其对肝癌进展的影响，我们强调了 PTM 作为生物标志物和治疗靶点的潜力。这篇综述的意义在于它有可能为新型治疗方法的开发提供信息，并改进早期干预肝癌的预后工具。© 2024。作者。

Liver cancer is a significant global health challenge, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) being the most prevalent form, characterized by high incidence and mortality rates. Despite advances in targeted therapies and immunotherapies, the prognosis for advanced liver cancer remains poor. This underscores the urgent need for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HCC to enable early detection and the development of novel therapeutic strategies. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are crucial regulatory mechanisms in cellular biology, affecting protein functionality, interactions, and localization. These modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, and glycosylation, occur after protein synthesis and play vital roles in various cellular processes. Recent advances in proteomics and molecular biology have highlighted the complex networks of PTMs, emphasizing their critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and disease pathogenesis. Dysregulation of PTMs has been associated with several malignant cellular processes in HCC, such as altered cell proliferation, migration, immune evasion, and metabolic reprogramming, contributing to tumor growth and metastasis. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the pathological mechanisms and clinical implications of various PTMs in liver cancer. By exploring the multifaceted interactions of PTMs and their impact on liver cancer progression, we highlight the potential of PTMs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The significance of this review lies in its potential to inform the development of novel therapeutic approaches and improve prognostic tools for early intervention in the fight against liver cancer.© 2024. The Author(s).