近年来，B细胞在肿瘤微环境（TME）中的抗肿瘤和促肿瘤作用引起了广泛关注。作为体液免疫的重要协调者，B 细胞可能在抗肿瘤治疗中发挥至关重要的作用。化疗是癌症治疗的支柱，它影响不同 B 细胞亚群的增殖和功能及其与 TME 的相互作用。通过靶向 B 细胞或其相关细胞来调节 B 细胞功能可能会增强化疗疗效，为未来的靶向治疗研究提供了一个有希望的途径。这篇综述探讨了化疗与 B 细胞之间复杂的相互作用，强调了 B 细胞在化疗中的关键作用。我们总结了有前途的 B 细胞相关治疗靶点，说明了 B 细胞在抗肿瘤治疗中的巨大潜力。我们的工作为在化疗和癌症治疗联合策略中利用 B 细胞奠定了理论基础。化疗可以抑制 B 细胞增殖并改变子集分布和功能，包括因子分泌、受体信号传导和共刺激。化疗可以调节复杂的 B 细胞-T 细胞相互作用，对抗肿瘤免疫产生不同的影响。针对 B 细胞表面标志物或信号传导可改善化疗反应、阻止免疫逃避并抑制肿瘤生长。关于 TME 中的 B 细胞相互作用、B 细胞化疗耐药机制、TLS 生物学、异质性、空间分布、化疗药物选择和未来研究应解决的 B 细胞靶点仍然存在关键知识差距。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《临床与转化医学》

The anti-tumour and tumour-promoting roles of B cells in the tumour microenvironment (TME) have gained considerable attention in recent years. As essential orchestrators of humoral immunity, B cells potentially play a crucial role in anti-tumour therapies. Chemotherapy, a mainstay in cancer treatment, influences the proliferation and function of diverse B-cell subsets and their crosstalk with the TME. Modulating B-cell function by targeting B cells or their associated cells may enhance chemotherapy efficacy, presenting a promising avenue for future targeted therapy investigations.This review explores the intricate interplay between chemotherapy and B cells, underscoring the pivotal role of B cells in chemotherapy treatment. We summarise promising B-cell-related therapeutic targets, illustrating the immense potential of B cells in anti-tumour therapy. Our work lays a theoretical foundation for harnessing B cells in chemotherapy and combination strategies for cancer treatment.Chemotherapy can inhibit B-cell proliferation and alter subset distributions and functions, including factor secretion, receptor signalling, and costimulation. Chemotherapy can modulate complex B-cell-T-cell interactions with variable effects on anti-tumour immunity. Targeting B-cell surface markers or signalling improves chemotherapy responses, blocks immune evasion and inhibits tumour growth. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding B-cell interactions in TME, B-cell chemoresistance mechanisms, TLS biology, heterogeneity, spatial distributions, chemotherapy drug selection and B-cell targets that future studies should address.© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.