癌症是导致死亡的主要原因之一，也是第二大死因。糖尿病是世界范围内一个严重且日益严重的问题，其患病率持续上升；它是第 12 大死因。一百多年来，人们一直认为糖尿病与癌症之间存在关联。糖尿病是癌症患者中常见的疾病，有证据表明大约 8-18% 的癌症患者患有糖尿病，研究表明糖尿病与某些特定癌症之间存在关联，增加患胰腺癌、肝癌等癌症的风险、结肠、乳房、胃和其他一些。乳腺癌和结直肠癌的发病率从 20% 增加到 30%，肝内胆管癌或子宫内膜癌的风险增加了 97%。另一方面，许多癌症和癌症治疗会增加患糖尿病的风险。癌症患者因糖尿病引起的并发症可能会影响癌症治疗的选择。不幸的是，糖尿病和癌症之间的关联机制仍然未知。本综述的目的是总结糖尿病与选定癌症的关联，并更新有关这种关联的潜在机制的证据。

Cancer is one of the major causes of mortality and is the second leading cause of death. Diabetes mellitus is a serious and growing problem worldwide, and its prevalence continues to grow; it is the 12th leading cause of death. An association between diabetes mellitus and cancer has been suggested for more than 100 years. Diabetes is a common disease diagnosed among patients with cancer, and evidence indicates that approximately 8-18% of patients with cancer have diabetes, with investigations suggesting an association between diabetes and some particular cancers, increasing the risk for developing cancers such as pancreatic, liver, colon, breast, stomach, and a few others. Breast and colorectal cancers have increased from 20% to 30% and there is a 97% increased risk of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma or endometrial cancer. On the other hand, a number of cancers and cancer therapies increase the risk of diabetes mellitus. Complications due to diabetes in patients with cancer may influence the choice of cancer therapy. Unfortunately, the mechanisms of the associations between diabetes mellitus and cancer are still unknown. The aim of this review is to summarize the association of diabetes mellitus with selected cancers and update the evidence on the underlying mechanisms of this association.