包括 miRNA 在内的几种调节因子的功能障碍最近因其在癌症相关基因表达变化中的作用而引起了科学界的关注。 miRNA 是长度约为 22 nt 的小 RNA，不编码蛋白质信息，但在转录后 mRNA 调控中发挥重要作用。研究表明，miRNA参与肿瘤进展，包括细胞增殖、细胞周期、凋亡以及肿瘤血管生成和侵袭，在肿瘤发生的调控中发挥着复杂而重要的作用。检测选定的 miRNA 可能有助于早期检测癌细胞，监测其表达谱的变化可以作为疾病或其治疗过程中的预后因素。 miRNA 可作为诊断和预后生物标志物，以及结直肠癌的潜在治疗靶点。近年来，越来越多的证据表明肿瘤中 DNA 甲基化和 miRNA 表达之间存在表观遗传相互作用。本文概述了选定的 miRNA，这些 miRNA 在结直肠癌细胞中表达更为频繁，表明其具有致癌性。

The dysfunction of several types of regulators, including miRNAs, has recently attracted scientific attention for their role in cancer-associated changes in gene expression. MiRNAs are small RNAs of ~22 nt in length that do not encode protein information but play an important role in post-transcriptional mRNA regulation. Studies have shown that miRNAs are involved in tumour progression, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, apoptosis, and tumour angiogenesis and invasion, and play a complex and important role in the regulation of tumourigenesis. The detection of selected miRNAs may help in the early detection of cancer cells, and monitoring changes in their expression profile may serve as a prognostic factor in the course of the disease or its treatment. MiRNAs may serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers, as well as potential therapeutic targets for colorectal cancer. In recent years, there has been increasing evidence for an epigenetic interaction between DNA methylation and miRNA expression in tumours. This article provides an overview of selected miRNAs, which are more frequently expressed in colorectal cancer cells, suggesting an oncogenic nature.