睾丸肿瘤（TT）在儿童中很少见，给诊断和治疗带来了挑战。这项回顾性研究评估了 SALL4 和 OCT3/4 在儿科 TT 中的诊断和预后效用。我们使用免疫组织化学 (IHC) 分析了 18 例不同类型的 TT，以评估 SALL4（Spalt 样转录因子 4）和 OCT3/4（八聚体结合转录因子 3/4）的表达。 SALL4 在 83.3% 的肿瘤中呈阳性，而 OCT3/4 在 38.9% 的肿瘤中呈阳性，12-18 岁患者的患病率显着高于 0-11 岁患者（p = 0.013）。混合生殖细胞肿瘤与 OCT3/4 的相关性显着更高 (p = 0.003)，并且主要在卵黄囊肿瘤和胚胎癌中观察到 SALL4 的高免疫染色表达。我们的研究结果表明，SALL4 和 OCT3/4 免疫染色可以帮助准确的诊断和治疗计划，并强调 OCT3/4 作为儿科睾丸肿瘤预测因素的重要性，强调其与肿瘤类型的显着相关性及其对治疗反应的影响。这些标志物可以指导个性化治疗策略，从而有可能改善患者的治疗结果。

Testicular tumors (TTs) are rare in children, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This retrospective study evaluates the diagnostic and prognostic utility of SALL4 and OCT3/4 in pediatric TTs. We analyzed 18 cases of different types of TTs using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to assess SALL4 (Spalt-like transcription factor 4) and OCT3/4 (Octamer binding transcription factor 3/4) expression. SALL4 was positive in 83.3% of tumors, while OCT3/4 was positive in 38.9% of tumors, with a significantly higher prevalence in patients aged 12-18 years compared to those aged 0-11 years (p = 0.013). Mixed germinal cell tumors were significantly more frequently associated with OCT3/4 (p = 0.003), and a high immunostaining expression for SALL4 was observed primarily in yolk sac tumors and embryonal carcinoma. Our findings suggest that SALL4 and OCT3/4 immunostaining can aid in accurate diagnosis and treatment planning, and underscores the importance of OCT3/4 as a predictive factor in pediatric testicular tumors, highlighting its substantial correlation with tumor type and its impact on treatment response. These markers may guide personalized therapeutic strategies, potentially improving patient outcomes.