人类子宫内膜在整个月经周期中经历显着的周期性形态和生化变化，为胚胎植入做准备。这些过程受到卵巢类固醇和各种局部表达基因的精心调节，包括炎症反应、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖、血管生成、分化（组织形成）和组织重塑。 MicroRNA (miRNA) 已被认为是基因表达的重要调节因子，其表达的改变与包括癌症在内的各种疾病的发生和进展有关。本综述探讨了 miRNA 在子宫内膜中的表达及其在子宫内膜异位症、复发性着床失败和子宫内膜癌等病理条件下的潜在调节作用。鉴于 miRNA 在维持基因表达稳定性方面的关键作用，了解子宫内膜 miRNA 的调控机制并识别其特定靶基因可以为开发针对与这些生殖疾病相关的特定基因的预防和治疗策略铺平道路。

The human endometrium experiences significant cyclic morphological and biochemical changes throughout the menstrual cycle to prepare for embryo implantation. These processes are meticulously regulated by ovarian steroids and various locally expressed genes, encompassing inflammatory reactions, apoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, differentiation (tissue formation), and tissue remodeling. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression, with their altered expression being linked to the onset and progression of various disorders, including cancer. This review examines the expression of miRNAs in the endometrium and their potential regulatory roles under pathological conditions such as endometriosis, recurrent implantation failure and endometrial cancer. Given miRNAs' critical role in maintaining gene expression stability, understanding the regulatory mechanisms of endometrial miRNAs and identifying their specific target genes could pave the way for developing preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting specific genes associated with these reproductive disorders.