癌细胞耐药性的上升对现代肿瘤学提出了巨大的挑战，需要探索创新的治疗策略。这篇综述研究了克服癌细胞耐药机制的最新进展，重点关注新兴的治疗方式。讨论了耐药性的复杂分子见解，包括基因突变、外排泵、信号通路改变和微环境影响。此外，还强调了靶向治疗、联合治疗、免疫疗法和精准医学方法所提供的有前景的途径。具体来说，检查了传统细胞毒性药物与分子靶向抑制剂相结合以规避耐药途径的协同效应。此外，免疫治疗干预措施的不断发展，包括免疫检查点抑制剂和过继性细胞疗法，也在增强抗肿瘤免疫反应和克服免疫逃避机制方面进行了探索。此外，强调了生物标志物驱动策略在预测和监测治疗反应方面的重要性，从而优化了治疗结果。为了深入了解癌症治疗范式的未来方向，当前的综述通过对这些新兴治疗策略的综合分析，重点关注当前的耐药性挑战和改善患者的治疗结果。

The rise of drug resistance in cancer cells presents a formidable challenge in modern oncology, necessitating the exploration of innovative therapeutic strategies. This review investigates the latest advancements in overcoming drug resistance mechanisms employed by cancer cells, focusing on emerging therapeutic modalities. The intricate molecular insights into drug resistance, including genetic mutations, efflux pumps, altered signaling pathways, and microenvironmental influences, are discussed. Furthermore, the promising avenues offered by targeted therapies, combination treatments, immunotherapies, and precision medicine approaches are highlighted. Specifically, the synergistic effects of combining traditional cytotoxic agents with molecularly targeted inhibitors to circumvent resistance pathways are examined. Additionally, the evolving landscape of immunotherapeutic interventions, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and adoptive cell therapies, is explored in terms of bolstering anti-tumor immune responses and overcoming immune evasion mechanisms. Moreover, the significance of biomarker-driven strategies for predicting and monitoring treatment responses is underscored, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes. For insights into the future direction of cancer treatment paradigms, the current review focused on prevailing drug resistance challenges and improving patient outcomes, through an integrative analysis of these emerging therapeutic strategies.