本文研究了口腔粘膜色素性病变的临床分化，由于其从良性到潜在恶性的范围，对牙科和医学学科的诊断提出了重大挑战。本研究通过文献回顾和临床病例分析，阐明当前的诊断方法，重点强调鉴别诊断，为临床医生提供实用指南。根据临床和组织学特征对色素病变进行分类，例如内源性色素沉着、局灶性黑素细胞色素沉着和多灶性色素沉着，强调了采用结构化和知情方法的必要性。对我们口腔医学和病理学诊所的病例进行回顾性检查，结合照片和组织学记录的分析，有助于对这些病变进行分类。这促进了临床医生之间更好的理解并促进知情讨论，最终旨在加强早期和精确的诊断，从而改善患者管理和结果。

This paper examines the clinical differentiation of pigmented lesions in the oral mucosa, which poses significant diagnostic challenges across dental and medical disciplines due to their spectrum from benign to potentially malignant conditions. Through a literature review and analysis of clinical cases, this study clarifies current diagnostic methodologies, with an emphasis on differential diagnosis, to provide a practical guide for clinicians. The classification of pigmented lesions, such as endogenous, focal melanocytic, and multifocal pigmentation, based on clinical and histological features, highlights the necessity for a structured and informed approach. A retrospective examination of cases from our oral medicine and pathology clinic, coupled with analysis of photographic and histological records, aids in classifying these lesions. This fosters a better understanding and promotes informed discussions among clinicians, ultimately aiming to enhance early and precise diagnosis, thus improving patient management and outcomes.