本研究旨在评估新辅助纳武单抗联合化疗 (neoNIVO CT) 与可切除非转移性非小细胞肺癌 (rNSCLC) 患者中相关治疗的相对疗效。治疗比较基于网络荟萃分析（NMA）使用通过系统文献综述（SLR）确定的随机临床试验数据。感兴趣的结果是无事件生存期（EFS）和病理完全缓解（pCR）。 NeoNIVO CT 与新辅助化疗 (neoCT)、新辅助放化疗 (neoCRT)、辅助化疗 (adjCT) 和单纯手术 (S) 进行了比较。由于可能按阶段修改效果，因此考虑了所有阶段和特定阶段的网络。运行固定效应 (FE) 和随机效应贝叶斯 NMA 模型（EFS = 风险比 [HR]；pCR = 优势比 [OR]；95% 可信区间 [CrI]）。确定了 61 个 RCT（基本案例） = 9 项随机对照试验 [n = 1978 名患者]）。在全阶段 FE 模型中，neoNIVO CT 相对于 neoCT 的 EFS 改善具有统计学意义（HR = 0.68 [95% CrI：0.49, 0.94]）、S（0.59 [0.42, 0.82]）、adjCT（0.66 [0.45, 0.96]） ]），但与 neoCRT 无关（HR = 0.77 [0.52, 1.16]）。相对于 neoCT (OR = 12.53 [5.60, 33.82]) 和 neoCRT (7.15 [2.31, 24.34])，NeoNIVO CT (5 个 RCT) 的 pCR 几率具有统计学意义更高。阶段特异性模型结果是一致的。该 NMA 信号表明，与 rNSCLC 患者中的比较者相比，neoNIVO CT 的 EFS 和/或 pCR 有所改善。

This study aimed to estimate the relative efficacy of neoadjuvant nivolumab in combination with chemotherapy (neoNIVO + CT) compared to relevant treatments amongst resectable non-metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (rNSCLC) patients.Treatment comparisons were based on a network meta-analysis (NMA) using randomized clinical trial data identified via systematic literature review (SLR). The outcomes of interest were event-free survival (EFS) and pathological complete response (pCR). NeoNIVO + CT was compared to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (neoCT), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (neoCRT), adjuvant chemotherapy (adjCT), and surgery alone (S). Due to the potential for effect modification by stage, all-stage and stage-specific networks were considered. Fixed-effect (FE) and random-effects Bayesian NMA models were run (EFS = hazard ratios [HR]; pCR = odds ratios [OR]; 95% credible intervals [CrI]).Sixty-one RCTs were identified (base case = 9 RCTs [n = 1978 patients]). In the all-stages FE model, neoNIVO + CT had statistically significant EFS improvements relative to neoCT (HR = 0.68 [95% CrI: 0.49, 0.94]), S (0.59 [0.42, 0.82]), adjCT (0.66 [0.45, 0.96]), but not relative to neoCRT (HR = 0.77 [0.52, 1.16]). NeoNIVO + CT (5 RCTs) had statistically significant higher odds of pCR relative to neoCT (OR = 12.53 [5.60, 33.82]) and neoCRT (7.15 [2.31, 24.34]). Stage-specific model findings were consistent.This NMA signals improved EFS and/or pCR of neoNIVO + CT relative to comparators among patients with rNSCLC.