细胞代谢是免疫细胞命运和功能的关键决定因素。广泛的研究表明，代谢决策会影响免疫细胞的激活、分化和细胞能力，在此过程中会影响生物体避免感染或从损伤中恢复的能力。相反，代谢失调可能导致多种疾病的严重程度，包括自身免疫、同种免疫和癌症。新数据还表明，代谢线索和概况可以影响过继细胞疗法的成功或失败。重要的是，免疫代谢并不是一刀切的。不同的免疫细胞类型，甚至不同细胞群内的细分利用不同的代谢途径来优化功能。代谢偏好也会根据细胞被激活的微环境而变化。因此，了解不同免疫细胞亚群的代谢需求对于治疗调节不同疾病状态或最大化下游应用的细胞功能至关重要。特别是脂肪酸氧化 (FAO) 在免疫细胞中发挥着多种作用，具有促炎和抗炎作用。在此，我们回顾了免疫细胞可用的主要代谢途径，然后更密切地关注FAO在不同免疫细胞亚群中的作用。了解不同免疫细胞如何以及为何利用FAO，将有助于设计针对该途径的最佳治疗干预措施。版权所有 © 2024 Kemp、Braverman 和 Byersdorfer。

Cellular metabolism is a crucial determinant of immune cell fate and function. Extensive studies have demonstrated that metabolic decisions influence immune cell activation, differentiation, and cellular capacity, in the process impacting an organism's ability to stave off infection or recover from injury. Conversely, metabolic dysregulation can contribute to the severity of multiple disease conditions including autoimmunity, alloimmunity, and cancer. Emerging data also demonstrate that metabolic cues and profiles can influence the success or failure of adoptive cellular therapies. Importantly, immunometabolism is not one size fits all; and different immune cell types, and even subdivisions within distinct cell populations utilize different metabolic pathways to optimize function. Metabolic preference can also change depending on the microenvironment in which cells are activated. For this reason, understanding the metabolic requirements of different subsets of immune cells is critical to therapeutically modulating different disease states or maximizing cellular function for downstream applications. Fatty acid oxidation (FAO), in particular, plays multiple roles in immune cells, providing both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects. Herein, we review the major metabolic pathways available to immune cells, then focus more closely on the role of FAO in different immune cell subsets. Understanding how and why FAO is utilized by different immune cells will allow for the design of optimal therapeutic interventions targeting this pathway.Copyright © 2024 Kemp, Braverman and Byersdorfer.