间质性肺疾病（ILD）是由免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）引起的严重不良事件。然而，只有少数大规模研究探讨了 ICI 使用、潜在癌症类型和 ILD 并发症之间的关联。本研究旨在利用日本不良药物事件报告 (JADER) 数据库以横断面方式分析原发癌症类型与 ICI 诱发的 ILD 之间的关联。 Nivolumab 和 pembrolizumab（抗程序性细胞死亡 1 (PD-1) 抗体）以及 durvalumab、avelumab 和 atezolizumab（抗程序性细胞死亡配体 1 (PD-L1) 抗体）作为 ICI 纳入本研究中。根据标准化 MedDRA 查询 (SMQ)“间质性肺疾病”中列出的监管活动医学词典 (MedDRA) 27.0/J 版的首选术语来识别不良事件。计算报告比值比以检测 ICI 使用与 ILD 并发症之间的关联，如果 95% 置信区间的下限超过 1，则检测到信号。在所有癌症类型的分析中，所有 ICI 均检测到信号除了阿维鲁单抗。使用纳武单抗检测到所有癌症类型的 ICI 和 ILD 之间存在关联。然而，派姆单抗仅在结直肠癌中表现出信号。相比之下，抗 PD-L1 抗体在五种癌症类型中显示出信号，不包括头颈癌，而 JADER 中未报道这一点。在这些癌症类型中，atezolizumab 仅在乳腺癌中表现出信号。这项研究的结果将有助于指导根据 ILD 并发症的潜在癌症类型安全使用 ICI。

Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a serious adverse event caused by the administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). However, only few large-scale studies have explored the association among ICI use, underlying cancer type, and ILD complications. This study aimed to analyze the association between the primary cancer type and ICI-induced ILD in a cross-sectional manner using the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab (anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) antibodies) and durvalumab, avelumab, and atezolizumab (anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies) were included as ICIs in this study. Adverse events were identified based on the preferred terms of Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 27.0/J listed in the Standardized MedDRA Queries (SMQ) "interstitial lung disease." The reporting odds ratio was calculated to detect the association between ICI use and ILD complications, and a signal was detected if the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval exceeded 1. In the analysis of all cancer types, a signal was detected for all ICIs except avelumab. An association between ICI and ILD was detected for all cancer types with nivolumab. However, pembrolizumab exhibited a signal only in colorectal cancer. In contrast, anti-PD-L1 antibodies displayed signals in five cancer types, excluding head and neck cancer, which was not reported in JADER. Among these cancer types, atezolizumab exhibited a signal only in breast cancer. The results of this study will help guide the safe use of ICIs based on the underlying cancer type in terms of ILD complications.