细胞外囊泡 (EV) 代表细胞分泌的小囊泡，包括通过多囊泡内体途径释放的外泌体（直径 40-150 nm），以及由质膜出芽产生的微囊泡和胞外体（100-1000 nm） 。从广义上讲，EV 还包括由垂死细胞产生的囊泡，例如凋亡小体 (5-10 μm) 以及外泌体 (< 50 nm)，它们是非常小的非膜纳米颗粒。 EV 通过将蛋白质、微小 RNA (miRNA) 和代谢物作为货物从供体细胞转移到受体细胞，在癌症、免疫、代谢等各个方面的细胞间信号转导中发挥重要作用。尽管脂质是胞外囊泡的主要成分之一，但长期以来，它们一直被认为只是将囊泡内腔与外部分隔开的“墙”。然而，最近越来越明显的是，EV 的脂质组成影响其特性和功能，EV 充当多种脂质介质的载体，并且脂质介质是通过分泌型磷脂酶 A2（sPLA2）的水解作用在 EV 膜中产生的。 ）。在本文中，我们将概述脂质在 EV 中的作用，特别关注 sPLA2 驱动的 EV 中脂质介质的动员及其生物学意义。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent small vesicles secreted from cells, including exosomes (40-150 nm in diameter), which are released via the multivesicular endosomal pathway, and microvesicles and ectosomes (100-1000 nm), which are produced by plasma membrane budding. Broadly, EVs also include vesicles generated from dying cells, such as apoptotic bodies (5-10 μm), as well as exomeres (< 50 nm), which are very small, non-membranous nanoparticles. EVs play important roles in cell-to-cell signaling in various aspects of cancer, immunity, metabolism, and so on by transferring proteins, microRNAs (miRNAs), and metabolites as cargos from donor cells to recipient cells. Although lipids are one of the major components of EVs, they have long been recognized as merely the "wall" that partitions the lumen of the vesicle from the outside. However, it has recently become obvious that lipid composition of EVs influences their properties and functions, that EVs act as a carrier of a variety of lipid mediators, and that lipid mediators are produced in EV membranes by the hydrolytic action of secreted phospholipase A2s (sPLA2s). In this article, we will make an overview of the roles of lipids in EVs, with a particular focus on sPLA2-driven mobilization of lipid mediators from EVs and its biological significance.Copyright © 2024 The Author. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.