转座元件（TE）已成为建立细胞类型特异性基因调控网络以及胚胎和胎盘发育的进化新颖性的重要因素。最近，关于 TE 的作用及其在癌症中失调的研究揭示了 TE 的转录、转座和调节活性，揭示了 TE 激活发育转录程序可能在癌细胞去分化为癌细胞的过程中发挥作用。祖细胞样状态。本文回顾了正常发育和恶性肿瘤中顺式调节 TE（以下简称 crTE）的最新证据，以及两种细胞状态中涉及的关键转录因子和调节途径，并提出了尚待研究的现有差距、局限性当前技术和治疗可能性。© 2024 作者。 BioEssays 由 Wiley periodicals LLC 出版。

Transposable elements (TEs) have emerged as important factors in establishing the cell type-specific gene regulatory networks and evolutionary novelty of embryonic and placental development. Recently, studies on the role of TEs and their dysregulation in cancers have shed light on the transcriptional, transpositional, and regulatory activity of TEs, revealing that the activation of developmental transcriptional programs by TEs may have a role in the dedifferentiation of cancer cells to the progenitor-like cell states. This essay reviews the recent evidence of the cis-regulatory TEs (henceforth crTE) in normal development and malignancy as well as the key transcription factors and regulatory pathways that are implicated in both cell states, and presents existing gaps remaining to be studied, limitations of current technologies, and therapeutic possibilities.© 2024 The Author(s). BioEssays published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.