肝细胞癌（HCC）作为一种具有高糖酵解活性的实体瘤，会产生过量的乳酸并增加细胞外的酸度，从而形成独特的免疫抑制微环境。 L-乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）和单羧酸转运蛋白（MCT）在糖酵解中发挥着非常重要的作用。 LDH是产生乳酸(LA)的关键酶，MCT负责细胞内LA的输入和输出。两者的协同作用促进细胞外酸性微环境的形成。在HCC的酸性微环境中，LA不仅能促进肿瘤细胞的增殖、存活、运输和血管生成，还能对免疫细胞产生强烈影响，最终导致抑制性免疫微环境。本文综述了LA在HCC中的作用，特别是其对免疫细胞的影响，总结了LDH和MCT相关药物的进展，并强调了乳酸靶向免疫治疗联合HCC的潜力。版权所有©2024。Elsevier B.V.出版。

As a solid tumor with high glycolytic activity, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) produces excess lactic acid and increases extracellular acidity, thus forming a unique immunosuppressive microenvironment. L-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) play a very important role in glycolysis. LDH is the key enzyme for lactic acid (LA) production, and MCT is responsible for the cellular import and export of LA. The synergistic effect of the two promotes the formation of an extracellular acidic microenvironment. In the acidic microenvironment of HCC, LA can not only promote the proliferation, survival, transport and angiogenesis of tumor cells but also have a strong impact on immune cells, ultimately leading to an inhibitory immune microenvironment. This article reviews the role of LA in HCC, especially its effect on immune cells, summarizes the progress of LDH and MCT-related drugs, and highlights the potential of immunotherapy targeting lactate combined with HCC.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.