胸腺上皮肿瘤是一种起源于胸腺的恶性肿瘤，是前纵隔最常见的原发性肿瘤。然而，在胸部肿瘤中，其发病率相对较低，罕见。胸腺上皮肿瘤大致可分为胸腺癌和胸腺瘤。作为胸腺肿瘤治疗的基石，手术是早期患者的首选治疗方法，而对于晚期不可切除的胸腺肿瘤，治疗方法是放化疗。靶向治疗对胸腺肿瘤效果较差。此外，由于免疫相关的副作用，使用免疫检查点抑制剂作为晚期不可切除胸腺肿瘤（特别是胸腺瘤）的另一种有效治疗选择受到限制。在此，我们总结了有关化疗，特别是术前新辅助化疗以及化疗联合其他治疗的所有相关信息，并回顾了这些手术的有效性和靶向治疗的最新进展。此外，我们还分析了免疫检查点抑制剂在胸腺上皮肿瘤中的疗效和安全性，以提供整体治疗观点。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Thymic epithelial tumors, a malignancy originating in the thymus, are the commonest primary neoplasm of the anterior mediastinum; however, among thoracic tumors, they have a relatively low incidence rare. Thymic epithelial tumors can be broadly classified into thymic carcinoma and thymoma. As the cornerstone of thymic tumor treatment, surgery is the preferred treatment for early-stage patients, whereas, for advanced unresectable thymic tumors, the treatment is chemoradiotherapy. Targeted therapy is less effective for thymic tumors. Moreover, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors as another effective treatment option for advanced unresectable thymic tumors, particularly thymomas, is limited owing to immune-related adverse effects. Here, we have summarized all pertinent information regarding chemotherapy, especially preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and chemotherapy in combination with other treatments, and reviewed the effectiveness of these procedures and recent advances in targeted therapy. In addition, we analyzed the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in thymic epithelial tumors, to provide a holistic treatment view.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.