中枢神经系统（CNS）的损伤通常会导致不可逆的神经功能缺损，目前几乎没有有效的治疗方法。然而，再生医学的最新进展已确定中枢神经系统类器官是解决中枢神经系统损伤的有希望的治疗选择。这些类器官由各种神经元和支持细胞组成，已显示出直接修复损伤部位的潜力。中枢神经系统类器官类似于实际脑组织的结构和功能，这使得它们在移植到损伤部位时能够在生理环境中良好地适应和发挥作用。研究结果表明，中枢神经系统类器官可以替代受损的神经元，形成新的神经连接，促进神经恢复。这篇综述强调了新出现的好处，评估了临床前移植结果，并探索了使用中枢神经系统类器官优化神经再生的未来策略。随着研究的不断发展和技术的进步，这些类器官可以为患有神经缺陷的患者带来新的希望。

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) often leads to irreversible neurological deficits, and there are currently few effective treatments available. However, recent advancements in regenerative medicine have identified CNS organoids as promising therapeutic options for addressing CNS injuries. These organoids, composed of various neurons and supporting cells, have shown potential for direct repair at injury sites. CNS organoids resemble the structure and function of actual brain tissue, which allows them to adapt and function well within the physiological environment when transplanted into injury sites. Research findings suggest that CNS organoids can replace damaged neurons, form new neural connections, and promote neural recovery. This review highlights the emerging benefits, evaluates preclinical transplantation outcomes, and explores future strategies for optimizing neuroregeneration using CNS organoids. With continued research and technological advancements, these organoids could provide new hope for patients suffering from neurological deficits.