外泌体在人类发育、免疫反应和疾病发生等各种生物过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。外泌体上的膜蛋白是其生物学功能的关键因素。目前，外泌体膜上已鉴定出许多膜蛋白，参与细胞间通讯、介导靶细胞识别和调节免疫过程。此外，来自癌细胞的外泌体的膜蛋白可以作为早期癌症诊断的相关生物标志物。本文全面综述了外泌体膜蛋白的组成及其在生物体生物过程中的多种功能。通过对外泌体膜蛋白的深入探索，有望为新型生物医学诊断和治疗的未来发展提供重要基础。版权所有 © 2024 Xu、Luo、Lu、Cai、Li 和 Li。

Exosomes play a crucial role in various biological processes, such as human development, immune responses, and disease occurrence. The membrane proteins on exosomes are pivotal factors for their biological functionality. Currently, numerous membrane proteins have been identified on exosome membranes, participating in intercellular communication, mediating target cell recognition, and regulating immune processes. Furthermore, membrane proteins from exosomes derived from cancer cells can serve as relevant biomarkers for early cancer diagnosis. This article provides a comprehensive review of the composition of exosome membrane proteins and their diverse functions in the organism's biological processes. Through in-depth exploration of exosome membrane proteins, it is expected to offer essential foundations for the future development of novel biomedical diagnostics and therapies.Copyright © 2024 Xu, Luo, Lu, Cai, Li and Li.