肌球蛋白重链 9 (MYH9) 基因位于人类 22 号染色体上，编码非肌肉肌球蛋白重链 IIA (NM IIA)。这种蛋白质对于各种细胞事件至关重要，例如产生细胞内化学机械力和促进肌动蛋白细胞骨架的运动。常染色体显性遗传疾病中与血小板减少症相关的突变首先凸显了 MYH9 基因的重要性。近年来，大量研究证明了 MYH9 在各种癌症中的关键作用。然而，它对癌症的影响是复杂的并且尚未被完全理解。此外，MYH9 在某些恶性肿瘤中的表达升高表明其作为肿瘤治疗靶点的潜力。尽管如此，目前总结MYH9在肿瘤中的作用以及以其为中心的治疗策略的文献还很少，因此有必要进行系统分析。本文全面回顾和分析了该领域的相关文献，阐明了MYH9的基本结构特征、生物学功能以及与肿瘤的关系。还探讨了 MYH9 促进肿瘤发展的机制及其在致瘤过程中的多方面作用。此外，我们还讨论了MYH9相关疾病（MYH9-RD）与肿瘤之间的关系，并总结了针对MYH9的肿瘤治疗方法。研究 MYH9 基因的潜在临床应用包括改善肿瘤的早期诊断、临床分期和预后。本文预计将为肿瘤治疗提供新颖的见解。版权所有 © 2024 Gou、Zhang、Cao、Li、Li、Zhao、Wang、Wang 和 Zhou。

The myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9) gene, located on human chromosome 22, encodes non-muscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NM IIA). This protein is essential to various cellular events, such as generating intracellular chemomechanical force and facilitating the movement of the actin cytoskeleton. Mutations associated with thrombocytopenia in autosomal dominant diseases first highlighted the significance of the MYH9 gene. In recent years, numerous studies have demonstrated the pivotal roles of MYH9 in various cancers. However, its effects on cancer are intricate and not fully comprehended. Furthermore, the elevated expression of MYH9 in certain malignancies suggests its potential as a target for tumor therapy. Nonetheless, there is a paucity of literature summarizing MYH9's role in tumors and the therapeutic strategies centered on it, necessitating a systematic analysis. This paper comprehensively reviews and analyzes the pertinent literature in this domain, elucidating the fundamental structural characteristics, biological functions, and the nexus between MYH9 and tumors. The mechanisms through which MYH9 contributes to tumor development and its multifaceted roles in the tumorigenic process are also explored. Additionally, we discuss the relationship between MYH9-related diseases (MYH9-RD) and tumors and also summarize tumor therapeutic approaches targeting MYH9. The potential clinical applications of studying the MYH9 gene include improving early diagnosis, clinical staging, and prognosis of tumors. This paper is anticipated to provide novel insights for tumor therapy.Copyright © 2024 Gou, Zhang, Cao, Li, Li, Zhao, Wang, Wang and Zhou.