随着免疫疗法在癌症治疗中的快速采用，迫切需要易于获得的生物标志物来指导免疫治疗策略并提供对特定治疗结果的见解。定期对黑色素瘤以外的实体瘤组织进行免疫监测取样通常是不可行的；相反，对循环免疫生物标志物进行常规、频繁的检测是完全可能的。随着免疫疗法和免疫检查点抑制剂在一线、新辅助和转移性疾病中的应用越来越广泛，迫切需要在实体瘤类型中发现和验证外周免疫生物标志物，以改善临床反应结果的预测和预后免疫疗法，以及干预的机制基础的阐明。此类生物标志物鉴定研究需要仔细的实验​​设计，包括回顾性和前瞻性研究，并且共同努力对于其进入临床环境至关重要。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肿瘤微环境和体循环之间共有的免疫特征，评估了探索性的免疫特征。外周免疫生物标志物研究，并讨论候选生物标志物与临床结果之间的关联。我们还考虑整合多个外周免疫参数以实现更好的预测和预后，并讨论研究设计中的注意事项，以进一步评估候选外周免疫生物标志物在实体瘤免疫治疗中的临床效用。外周免疫生物标志物对于改善临床结果的预测和预后至关重要用于接受免疫检查点抑制治疗的实体瘤患者。候选外周生物标志物，如细胞因子、可溶性因子和免疫细胞，有潜力作为指导实体瘤免疫治疗的生物标志物。可以整合多个外周免疫参数以改善预测和预后。外周免疫生物标志物指导实体瘤免疫治疗的潜力需要在生物标志物发现、验证和标准化方面开展关键工作。2024 年出版。本文是美国政府的作品，在美国属于公共领域。约翰·威利出版的《临床与转化医学》

With the rapid adoption of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer comes the pressing need for readily accessible biomarkers to guide immunotherapeutic strategies and offer insights into outcomes with specific treatments. Regular sampling of solid tumour tissues outside of melanoma for immune monitoring is not often feasible; conversely, routine, frequent interrogation of circulating immune biomarkers is entirely possible. As immunotherapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors, in particular, are more widely used in first-line, neoadjuvant, and metastatic settings, the discovery and validation of peripheral immune biomarkers are urgently needed across solid tumour types for improved prediction and prognostication of clinical outcomes in response to immunotherapy, as well as elucidation of mechanistic underpinnings of the intervention. Careful experimental design, encompassing both retrospective and prospective studies, is required in such biomarker identification studies, and concerted efforts are essential for their advancement into clinical settings.In this review, we summarize shared immune features between the tumour microenvironment and systemic circulation, evaluate exploratory peripheral immune biomarker studies, and discuss associations between candidate biomarkers with clinical outcomes. We also consider integration of multiple peripheral immune parameters for better prediction and prognostication and discuss considerations in study design to further evaluate the clinical utility of candidate peripheral immune biomarkers for immunotherapy of solid tumours.Peripheral immune biomarkers are critical for improved prediction and prognostication of clinical outcomes for patients with solid tumours treated with immune checkpoint inhibition. Candidate peripheral biomarkers, such as cytokines, soluble factors, and immune cells, have potential as biomarkers to guide immunotherapy of solid tumours. Multiple peripheral immune parameters may be integrated to improve prediction and prognostication. The potential of peripheral immune biomarkers to guide immunotherapy of solid tumours requires critical work in biomarker discovery, validation, and standardization.Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA. Clinical and Translational Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Shanghai Institute of Clinical Bioinformatics.