血培养是识别血流感染病原体的金标准方法，但耗时且灵敏度低。这些缺点与高死亡率有关，特别是在出现发热性中性粒细胞减少症发作的儿科肿瘤患者中。在这里，我们描述了两种专为血流感染中病原体检测而设计的新型高分辨率熔解测定法。最初使用五种脓毒症相关病原体对测定进行评估。两种检测都显示出 100% 的特异性，检测到的细菌 DNA 低至 100 fg，并且具有重现性。两种检测均 100% 鉴定出血培养物中的临床分离株。此外，对儿科癌症患者的血液样本进行盲法直接鉴定，结果显示“引物组 1”和“引物组 2”的灵敏度分别为 61.5% 和 69.2%。我们的研究强调了基于 HRM 的检测作为脓毒症相关微生物快速有效诊断方法的潜力。进一步的进步可以增强其临床实用性，以更好地管理发热性中性粒细胞减少症发作，尤其是儿科肿瘤患者。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Blood culture, the gold-standard method for identifying pathogens in bloodstream infections, is time-consuming and demonstrates low sensitivity. These drawbacks are related to high mortality, especially among pediatric oncology patients presenting febrile neutropenia episodes. Here we describe two novel High-Resolution Melting assays designed for pathogen detection in bloodstream infections. The assays were initially evaluated using five sepsis-associated pathogens. Both assays demonstrated 100 % specificity, detected as low as 100 fg of bacterial DNA, and exhibited reproducibility. Clinical isolates from blood cultures were 100 % identified by both assays. Moreover, blind and direct identification of blood samples from pediatric cancer patients demonstrated sensitivities of 61.5 % and 69.2 % for "Primer Set 1" and "Primer Set 2", respectively. Our study highlights the potential of HRM-based assays as a rapid and efficient diagnostic approach for sepsis-related microorganisms. Further advancements could enhance their clinical utility for better management of febrile neutropenia episodes, especially in pediatric oncology patients.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.