结外 NK/T 细胞淋巴瘤 (ENKTL) 主要出现在东亚和拉丁美洲。尽管存在共同的内在因素，如种族和遗传背景，ENKTL 的进展可能受到与改变生活方式模式相关的外在因素的影响。本研究收集了新诊断 (ND)-ENKTL 患者 (n = 40) 的粪便样本，并进行了整体研究基因组鸟枪测序。ND-ENKTL 显示，与健康对照 (HC) 相比，ND-ENKTL 的 α 多样性降低 (p=0.008)，肠杆菌科丰度显着影响 ENKTL 和 HC 之间的 β 多样性差异 (p<0.001)。功能分析表明 ND-ENKTL 中的有氧代谢和芳香族化合物的降解上调。肠杆菌科不仅与解释疾病状态的临床数据（血清CRP、分期、自然杀伤细胞淋巴瘤（PINK）预后指数和PINK-E）相关，而且与临床结果（早期复发和短无进展生存期）相关。 ENKTL 和弥漫性大 B 细胞淋巴瘤 (DLBCL) 之间肠杆菌科在科水平上的相对丰度相似 (p=0.140)。然而，ENKTL 表现出较高的埃希氏菌丰度，而 DLBCL 中肠杆菌和柠檬酸杆菌的盛行率则相反。线性回归分析表明，组织样本中大肠杆菌丰度与 PD-L1 水平之间存在显着相关性 (p=0.025)，而在科水平上，肠杆菌科细菌与 PD-L1 没有相关性 (p=0.571)。ND-ENKTL 表现出大量的肠杆菌科细菌和大量的埃希氏菌。这些微生物特征与疾病状态、治疗结果和 PD-L1 表达相关，表明 ENKTL 微生物组作为淋巴瘤发生的生物标志物和原因的潜力，值得进一步探索。

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) predominantly manifests in East Asia and Latin America. Despite shared intrinsic factors, such as ethnic and genetic backgrounds, the progression of ENKTL can be influenced by extrinsic factors related to changing lifestyle patterns.This study collected stool samples from newly diagnosed (ND)-ENKTL patients (n=40) and conducted whole genome shotgun sequencing.ND-ENKTL revealed reduced alpha diversity in ND-ENKTL compared to healthy controls (HCs) (p=0.008), with Enterobacteriaceae abundance significantly contributing to the beta diversity difference between ENKTL and HCs (p<0.001). Functional analysis indicated upregulated aerobic metabolism and degradation of aromatic compounds in ND-ENKTL. Enterobacteriaceae were associated not only with clinical data explaining disease status (serum CRP, stage, prognosis index of natural killer cell lymphoma (PINK), and PINK-E) but also with clinical outcomes (early relapse and short progression-free survival). The relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae at the family level was similar between ENKTL and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (p=0.140). However, the ENKTL exhibited a higher abundance of Escherichia, in contrast to the prevalence of Enterobacter and Citrobacter in DLBCL. Linear regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between Escherichia abundance and PD-L1 levels in tissue samples (p=0.025), whereas no correlation with PD-L1 was observed for Enterobacteriaceae at the family level (p=0.571).ND-ENKTL exhibited an abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and a dominant presence of Escherichia. These microbial characteristics correlated with disease status, treatment outcomes, and PD-L1 expression, suggesting the potential of the ENKTL microbiome as a biomarker and cause of lymphomagenesis, which warrants further exploration.