胃癌（GC）是最致命的恶性肿瘤之一，其发病机制尚不清楚。由于其治疗耐药、复发率高以及缺乏可靠的早期检测技术，大多数患者预后不良。因此，识别新的肿瘤生物标志物和治疗靶点至关重要。本综述旨在通过总结 microRNA (miRNA) 调节肿瘤微环境 (TME) 的过程并强调其在 TME 中的关键作用，为提高 GC 患者的预后提供新的见解。 GC TME 内肿瘤细胞、细胞外基质、血管、癌症相关成纤维细胞和免疫细胞之间的相互作用。特别研究了非编码 RNA（称为 miRNA）在通过各种信号通路、细胞因子、生长因子和外泌体调节 TME 中的作用。 GC 中的肿瘤形成、转移和治疗受到 TME 内相互作用的显着影响。 miRNA 通过多种信号通路、细胞因子、生长因子和外泌体调节这些相互作用来调节肿瘤进展。 miRNA 的失调会影响细胞增殖、分化、血管生成、转移和治疗抵抗等关键细胞过程，从而导致 GC 的发病机制。miRNA 在 GC TME 的调节中发挥着至关重要的作用，影响肿瘤进展和患者预后。通过了解 miRNA 控制 TME 的机制，可以确定潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点，以改善 GC 患者的预后。© 2024。作者。

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the deadliest malignant tumors with unknown pathogenesis. Due to its treatment resistance, high recurrence rate, and lack of reliable early detection techniques, a majority of patients have a poor prognosis. Therefore, identifying new tumor biomarkers and therapeutic targets is essential. This review aims to provide fresh insights into enhancing the prognosis of patients with GC by summarizing the processes through which microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate the tumor microenvironment (TME) and highlighting their critical role in the TME.A comprehensive literature review was conducted by focusing on the interactions among tumor cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and immune cells within the GC TME. The role of noncoding RNAs, known as miRNAs, in modulating the TME through various signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes was specifically examined. Tumor formation, metastasis, and therapy in GC are significantly influenced by interactions within the TME. miRNAs regulate tumor progression by modulating these interactions through multiple signaling pathways, cytokines, growth factors, and exosomes. Dysregulation of miRNAs affects critical cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and treatment resistance, contributing to the pathogenesis of GC.miRNAs play a crucial role in the regulation of the GC TME, influencing tumor progression and patient prognosis. By understanding the mechanisms through which miRNAs control the TME, potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets can be identified to improve the prognosis of patients with GC.© 2024. The Author(s).