机器人辅助手术已发展成为前列腺癌（PCa）的重要治疗方法。然而，从出现到今天，脑机接口、虚拟现实、虚拟世界已经彻底改变了PCa机器人辅助手术领域，机遇与挑战并存。尤其是在当代大数据和精准医疗的背景下，面对PCa的异质性和临床问题的复杂性，仍需要不断升级和完善。基于此，本文总结了机器人辅助PCa手术历史发展的5个阶段，即兴起期、推广期、发展期、成熟期和智能化阶段。最初，安全问题是最重要的，但随后的研究和工程进展集中在提高设备功效、手术技术和实现精确的多模式治疗上。达芬奇机器人辅助手术系统的主导地位见证了这种演变与其后续版本密切相关。未来，机器人辅助前列腺癌手术将走向智能化，有望改善患者的治疗效果并提供个性化治疗，但同时也面临着巨大的挑战。为了指导未来的发展，我们提出了涵盖临床、研究、工程、材料、社会和经济领域的 10 个重要前景，展望了 PCa 手术治疗中人工智能的未来时代。© 2024。作者。

Robot-assisted surgery has evolved into a crucial treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). However, from its appearance to today, brain-computer interface, virtual reality, and metaverse have revolutionized the field of robot-assisted surgery for PCa, presenting both opportunities and challenges. Especially in the context of contemporary big data and precision medicine, facing the heterogeneity of PCa and the complexity of clinical problems, it still needs to be continuously upgraded and improved. Keeping this in mind, this article summarized the 5 stages of the historical development of robot-assisted surgery for PCa, encompassing the stages of emergence, promotion, development, maturity, and intelligence. Initially, safety concerns were paramount, but subsequent research and engineering advancements have focused on enhancing device efficacy, surgical technology, and achieving precise multi modal treatment. The dominance of da Vinci robot-assisted surgical system has seen this evolution intimately tied to its successive versions. In the future, robot-assisted surgery for PCa will move towards intelligence, promising improved patient outcomes and personalized therapy, alongside formidable challenges. To guide future development, we propose 10 significant prospects spanning clinical, research, engineering, materials, social, and economic domains, envisioning a future era of artificial intelligence in the surgical treatment of PCa.© 2024. The Author(s).