线粒体在维持细胞正常生理状态中发挥着至关重要的作用。因此，确保线粒体质量控制对于预防和治疗多种疾病至关重要。然而，之前对该主题的评论不一致且缺乏系统的组织。因此，本综述旨在对线粒体质量控制提供全面、系统的概述，并探讨线粒体质量控制用于重大疾病治疗的可能性。本文系统总结了线粒体质量控制的三个基本特征，包括线粒体形态和动力学、功能和代谢以及蛋白质表达和调控。它还广泛研究了线粒体质量失衡如何与缺血缺氧、炎症性疾病、病毒感染、代谢失调、退行性疾病和肿瘤等重大疾病相关。此外，该综述还探索了针对线粒体质量控制的创新方法，包括使用调节维持线粒体质量关键步骤的小分子药物、专为精确靶向线粒体而设计的纳米分子材料以及新型细胞疗法，例如囊泡疗法和线粒体移植。该综述为理解重大疾病发生和进展的共同机制提供了新颖的视角，为临床实施以线粒体质量控制为治疗重大疾病的创新治疗策略提供了理论支持和实践指导。© 2024。 s）。

Mitochondria play a crucial role in maintaining the normal physiological state of cells. Hence, ensuring mitochondrial quality control is imperative for the prevention and treatment of numerous diseases. Previous reviews on this topic have however been inconsistencies and lack of systematic organization. Therefore, this review aims to provide a comprehensive and systematic overview of mitochondrial quality control and explore the possibility of targeting the same for the treatment of major diseases. This review systematically summarizes three fundamental characteristics of mitochondrial quality control, including mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, function and metabolism, and protein expression and regulation. It also extensively examines how imbalances in mitochondrial quality are linked to major diseases, such as ischemia-hypoxia, inflammatory disorders, viral infections, metabolic dysregulations, degenerative conditions, and tumors. Additionally, the review explores innovative approaches to target mitochondrial quality control, including using small molecule drugs that regulate critical steps in maintaining mitochondrial quality, nanomolecular materials designed for precise targeting of mitochondria, and novel cellular therapies, such as vesicle therapy and mitochondrial transplantation. This review offers a novel perspective on comprehending the shared mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of major diseases and provides theoretical support and practical guidance for the clinical implementation of innovative therapeutic strategies that target mitochondrial quality control for treating major diseases.© 2024. The Author(s).