食用昆虫蛋白在食品中的使用取决于其生物效应。传统的蛋白质提取方法不仅耗时、成本高，而且耗能。需要保持昆虫蛋白的生物活性并且环境可持续的替代技术。本研究比较了通过传统方法（碱盐 (MS) 提取）和非常规方法（酶 (ME) 和螺旋压榨机 (MP)）获得的黄粉虫（黄粉虫幼虫）浓缩物的健康功能，以增强其适用性，尽管蛋白质浓度较低。总体而言，在所有浓缩物中，MP 显示出最高的必需氨基酸含量，而 ME 显示出最高的体外消化率、总酚含量和抗氧化能力。 ME 在浓度≥500 µg/mL 时也具有显着的细胞增殖能力。与其他样品相比，MS 显着抑制脂多糖处理的 Hep3B 细胞中肿瘤坏死因子-α 和白介素-1β 的分泌。至于抗高血糖作用，MS 和 ME 治疗 2 分钟和 5 分钟可显着增加 p-Akt/Akt 比率（MS 分别为 1.34 倍和 1.61 倍；ME 分别为 2.26 倍和 2.70 倍）。总之，酶处理提高了营养价值和抗氧化能力，而盐处理可能有助于抗炎和抗高血糖活性。根据目标应用，考虑健康效益、环境影响、成本和效率，建议采用传统和非常规方法相结合的混合提取技术。实际应用：比较了四种黄粉虫蛋白提取方法（碱/盐/酶/螺旋压榨机）的营养和生物特性。碱提取提高了蛋白质含量，酶处理提高了营养价值和抗氧化能力，盐辅助提取在体外表现出免疫调节作用。值得注意的是，酶和盐处理产生的浓缩蛋白具有显着的抗糖尿病和抗高血糖特性。© 2024 作者。 《食品科学杂志》由 Wiley periodicals LLC 代表食品技术专家协会出版。

The use of edible insect protein in food products is contingent on their biological effects. Conventional protein extraction methods are not only time-consuming and costly but also energy-intensive. There is a need for alternative techniques that maintain the bioactivities of insect proteins and are environmentally sustainable. This study compares the health functionality of mealworm (Tenebrio molitor larvae) concentrates obtained by conventional methods-alkali and salt (MS) extraction-and nonconventional methods-enzyme (ME) and screw press (MP)-to enhance their applicability despite lower protein concentration. Overall, MP exhibited the highest essential amino acids content, whereas ME showed the highest in vitro digestibility, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities among all the concentrates. ME also had a significant cell proliferative capacity at concentrations ≥500 µg/mL. MS significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta secretion in lipopolysaccharide-treated Hep3B cells compared to other samples. As for anti-hyperglycemia effects, treatment with MS and ME for 2 and 5 min significantly increased the p-Akt/Akt ratio (MS, 1.34- and 1.61-fold; ME, 2.26- and 2.70-fold, respectively). In conclusion, enzyme treatment enhanced nutritional value and antioxidant capacity, whereas salt treatment potentially contributed to anti-inflammatory and anti-hyperglycemia activities. Hybrid extraction techniques combining conventional and nonconventional methods are suggested based on target applications, considering health benefits, environmental impact, costs, and efficiencies. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Four mealworm protein extraction methods (alkali/salt/enzyme/screw press) were compared for their nutritional and biological properties. Alkali extraction enhanced protein content, enzyme treatment improved nutritional value and antioxidant capacity, and salt-assisted extraction exhibited immunomodulatory effects in vitro. Notably, enzyme and salt treatments produced protein concentrates with significant antidiabetic and anti-hyperglycemic properties.© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Food Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Institute of Food Technologists.