组蛋白甲基化可以影响染色体结构和与其他蛋白质的结合，根据被修饰的氨基酸类型和添加的甲基数量，这种修饰可能会促进基因（H3K4me2、H3K4me3和H3K79me3）的转录或减少基因的转录（ H3K9me2、H3K9me3、H3K27me2、H3K27me3 和 H4K20me3）。此外，肿瘤免疫治疗的进展表明，组蛋白甲基化作为一种​​蛋白质翻译后修饰也参与肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞的增殖、激活和代谢重编程。这些蛋白质的翻译后修饰在调节肿瘤和免疫治疗的免疫逃逸中发挥着至关重要的作用。赖氨酸甲基转移酶是翻译后组蛋白甲基化修饰途径的重要组成部分。赖氨酸甲基转移酶2C（KMT2C）也称为MLL3，是赖氨酸甲基转移酶家族的成员，介导组蛋白3赖氨酸4（H3K4）的甲基化修饰，参与许多组蛋白的甲基化，并调节许多信号传导EMT、p53、Myc、DNA损伤修复等途径。 KMT2C的研究发现它在许多疾病中异常表达，主要是肿瘤和血液系统疾病。它还可以抑制这些疾病的发生和发展。因此，KMT2C可能作为某些疾病的肿瘤免疫治疗的有前景的靶点。在这里，我们概述了 KMT2C 的结构、疾病机制和与 KMT2C 相关的疾病，并讨论了相关挑战。版权所有 © 2024 Jiao、Lv、Liu、Liu、Han、Xiong、Zhou、Zhong、Kang 和 Su。

Histone methylation can affect chromosome structure and binding to other proteins, depending on the type of amino acid being modified and the number of methyl groups added, this modification may promote transcription of genes (H3K4me2, H3K4me3, and H3K79me3) or reduce transcription of genes (H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H3K27me2, H3K27me3, and H4K20me3). In addition, advances in tumor immunotherapy have shown that histone methylation as a type of protein post-translational modification is also involved in the proliferation, activation and metabolic reprogramming of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment. These post-translational modifications of proteins play a crucial role in regulating immune escape from tumors and immunotherapy. Lysine methyltransferases are important components of the post-translational histone methylation modification pathway. Lysine methyltransferase 2C (KMT2C), also known as MLL3, is a member of the lysine methyltransferase family, which mediates the methylation modification of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4), participates in the methylation of many histone proteins, and regulates a number of signaling pathways such as EMT, p53, Myc, DNA damage repair and other pathways. Studies of KMT2C have found that it is aberrantly expressed in many diseases, mainly tumors and hematological disorders. It can also inhibit the onset and progression of these diseases. Therefore, KMT2C may serve as a promising target for tumor immunotherapy for certain diseases. Here, we provide an overview of the structure of KMT2C, disease mechanisms, and diseases associated with KMT2C, and discuss related challenges.Copyright © 2024 Jiao, Lv, Liu, Liu, Han, Xiong, Zhou, Zhong, Kang and Su.