骨肉瘤的术后治疗是主要具有挑战性的临床问题之一，因为应考虑消除残余肿瘤和加速骨再生。光热疗法以其副作用小、低毒、局部选择性高、不可逆转等优点而得到广泛研究，而骨组织工程是骨肉瘤术后治疗的必然趋势。在本研究中，我们将组织工程和光热疗法结合在一起，开发了一种用于骨肉瘤术后治疗的多功能纳米纤维3D基质。通过溶胶-凝胶静电纺丝和煅烧制备的柔性生物活性玻璃纳米纤维（BGNF）作为基本块，京尼平交联明胶（GNP-Gel）作为粘合剂将BGNF粘合形成稳定的3D结构。通过冰晶模板法和冷冻干燥技术获得稳定的多孔3D支架。获得的 GNP-Gel/BGNF 3D 基质显示出高度仿生细胞外基质的纳米纤维结构。这些基质在水中优异的压缩恢复性能使其适合微创手术。此外，这些3D基质不仅在体外具有生物相容性，而且有利于体内矿化骨的形成。此外，深蓝色GNP-Gel还充当光热剂，在不添加其他有毒光热剂的情况下，赋予GNP-Gel/BGNF 3D基质高效的光热抗肿瘤和光热抗菌性能。因此，这项研究提供了一种利用光热疗法制备多功能纳米纤维3D基质用于骨肉瘤术后治疗的巧妙途径。©作者2024。由牛津大学出版社出版。

Postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma is one of the major challenging clinical issues since both elimination of residual tumors and acceleration of bone regeneration should be considered. Photothermal therapy has been widely studied due to its advantages of small side-effect, low-toxicity, high local selectivity and noninversion, and bone tissue engineering is an inevitable trend in postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma. In this study, we combined the tissue engineering and photothermal therapy together, and developed a kind of multifunctional nanofibrous 3D matrixes for postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma. The flexible bioactive glass nanofibers (BGNFs) prepared by sol-gel electrospinning and calcination acted as the basic blocks, and the genipin-crosslinked gelatin (GNP-Gel) acted as the cement to bond the BGNFs forming a stable 3D structure. The stable porous 3D scaffolds were obtained through ice crystal templating method and freeze-drying technology. The obtained GNP-Gel/BGNF 3D matrixes showed a nanofibrous structure that highly biomimetics the extracellular matrix. The excellent compression recovery performance in water of these matrixes made them suitable for minimally invasive surgery. In addition, these 3D matrixes were not only biocompatible in vitro, but also benefit for the formation of mineralized bone in vivo. Furthermore, the dark blue GNP-Gel also acted as the photothermal agent, which endowed the GNP-Gel/BGNF 3D matrixes with efficient photothermal antitumor and photothermal antibacterial performance without addition of other toxic photothermal agents. Therefore, this study provides an ingenious avenue to prepare multifunctional nanofibrous 3D matrixes with photothermal therapy for postoperative treatment of osteosarcoma.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press.