癌症研究的最新进展表明，癌症是免疫系统功能障碍的表现。最近开发的许多天然抗癌剂都具有免疫调节特性。在我们不断追求抗癌替代品的过程中，我们评估了寡雄苷的免疫调节潜力，寡雄苷是一种来自巴豆寡苷的对映吡玛烷型二萜类化合物。我们对乳腺癌患者的外周血单核细胞（PBMC）进行了分离评估，以评估寡雄苷的效果（0.5、1、10、100、200 mg/mL）在体外使用 Ficoll-histopaque 密度离心法。评估的参数包括 PBMC 活力和细胞因子（IL-6、IL-12、IL-10、EGF、TNF-α、INF-γ）产生。在体内，我们使用 DMBA（50 mg/kg BW）在 Wistar 大鼠中化学诱导乳腺癌，然后用寡雄苷（1 mg/kg BW）或标准品（他莫昔芬 3.3 mg/kg；来曲唑 1 mg/kg）治疗 20 次。几周。评估的参数包括肿瘤负荷、体积、发生率、组织病理学、抗氧化和炎症状态。Oligandrin（1、10、100 和 200 μg/mL）在孵育 24 小时后显着增加 (p < 0.05) PBMC 细胞数量。在体内，与 DMBA 大鼠 (100%) 相比，它诱导肿瘤发生率降低 62.5%。寡雄苷显着保护 (p < 0.001) 大鼠免受肿瘤负荷、质量和体积增加的影响，同时具有显着的抗氧化作用 [GSH (p < 0.01) 和 SOD (p < 0.001) 的增加]。根据SBR分层，Oligandrin可预防高级别腺癌，并显着降低促炎细胞因子水平（IL-6、IL-12），同时增加抗炎细胞因子水平（INF-γ）。Oligandrin首次被报道可预防乳腺癌的发病率和这种效应似乎至少部分归因于其免疫增强能力。© 2024 由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

Recent developments in cancer research indicate that cancer is a manifestation of immune system dysfunction. Many natural anticancer agents developed recently possess immune-modulatory properties. In our ongoing pursuit of anticancer alternatives, we evaluated the immune-modulatory potential of oligandrin, an ent-pimarane type diterpenoid from Croton oligatrus.we assessed on Breast cancer patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated to assess the effect of oligandrin (0.5, 1, 10, 100, 200 mg/mL) in vitro using the Ficoll-histopaque density centrifugation method. The parameters that were assessed included, PBMC viability and cytokine (IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, EGF, TNF-α, INF-γ) production. In vivo, we chemically induced breast cancer using DMBA (50 mg/kg BW) in Wistar rats, then treated them with oligandrin (1 mg/kg BW) or standards (tamoxifen 3.3 mg/kg; letrozole 1 mg/kg) for 20 weeks. The parameters that were evaluated included, tumor burden, volume, incidence, histopathology, antioxidant, and inflammatory status.Oligandrin (1, 10, 100 and 200 μg/mL) significantly increased (p < 0.05) PBMC cell number 24 h after incubation. In vivo, it induced 62.5 % tumor incidence reduction compared to DMBA rats (100 %). Oligandrin significantly protected (p < 0.001) rats against increased tumor burden, mass and volume, which was accompanied by a significant antioxidant effect [increment of GSH (p < 0.01) and SOD (p < 0.001)]. Oligandrin prevented high-grade adenocarcinomas according to SBR stratification and significantly reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-12) while increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine levels (INF-γ).Oligandrin is reported for the first time to protect against breast cancer onset and this effect seems to be at least in part attributable to its immune-boosting capacity.© 2024 Published by Elsevier Ltd.