癌症是一种多方面、多样化的疾病，给传统治疗方式带来了巨大的障碍。纳米技术为克服这些挑战提供了新的前景，因为它能够促进对恶性细胞进行细致和规范的治疗剂给药，同时调节免疫系统以对抗肿瘤。细菌及其衍生物已成为纳米材料领域内癌症纳米治疗的高度通用和多功能平台。这篇全面的综述深入探讨了细菌纳米技术在癌症治疗中的多方面和突破性实施。本综述涵盖四个主要方面：利用细菌作为药用物质的活载体、利用细菌成分作为刺激免疫系统的试剂、利用细菌载体作为传递遗传物质的工具以及开发细菌衍生的载体。纳米药物作为智能纳米药物。此外，我们阐明了这些细菌纳米系统的优点和操作方式，以及它们与其他尖端纳米技术（例如 CRISPR-Cas 系统）协同作用的能力。此外，我们还针对这一不断扩展的领域的未来发展轨迹和前景提供富有洞察力的观点。我们的推断是，细菌纳米技术体现了癌症治疗领域的有利和创新范式，它有可能在提高癌症患者的治疗结果和生活质量方面提供众多优势和协同效应。© 作者）2024 年。

Cancer, a multifaceted and diverse ailment, presents formidable obstacles to traditional treatment modalities. Nanotechnology presents novel prospects for surmounting these challenges through its capacity to facilitate meticulous and regulated administration of therapeutic agents to malignant cells while concurrently modulating the immune system to combat neoplasms. Bacteria and their derivatives have emerged as highly versatile and multifunctional platforms for cancer nanotherapy within the realm of nanomaterials. This comprehensive review delves into the multifaceted and groundbreaking implementations of bacterial nanotechnology within cancer therapy. This review encompasses four primary facets: the utilization of bacteria as living conveyors of medicinal substances, the employment of bacterial components as agents that stimulate the immune system, the deployment of bacterial vectors as tools for delivering genetic material, and the development of bacteria-derived nano-drugs as intelligent nano-medications. Furthermore, we elucidate the merits and modalities of operation pertaining to these bacterial nano-systems, along with their capacity to synergize with other cutting-edge nanotechnologies, such as CRISPR-Cas systems. Additionally, we offer insightful viewpoints regarding the forthcoming trajectories and prospects within this expanding domain. It is our deduction that bacterial nanotechnology embodies a propitious and innovative paradigm in the realm of cancer therapy, which has the potential to provide numerous advantages and synergistic effects in enhancing the outcomes and quality of life for individuals afflicted with cancer.© The Author(s) 2024.