姜黄（Cucuma longae Rhizoma），俗称姜黄，不仅广泛应用于传统中医（TCM），而且广泛应用于世界各地的各种传统医学体系。以其祛瘀、活血、止痛的功效而闻名。姜黄的主要生物活性代谢物——姜黄素、β-榄香烯、姜黄酚和姜二酮——因其药理学益处而被广泛研究。这些包括抗肿瘤特性、心脑血管保护、免疫调节、肝脏保护及其作为镇痛药、抗炎药、抗病毒药、抗菌药、降血糖药和抗氧化剂的作用。本综述严格审查了有关姜黄作用机制的广泛研究，姜黄涉及多个分子靶点和信号通路，例如 NF-κB、MAPK 和 PI3K/AKT。本综述的核心目的是评估姜黄的主要活性代谢物如何与这些分子系统相互作用，以在各种临床环境中实现治疗结果。此外，我们讨论了与这些代谢物的生物利用度相关的挑战，并探索增强其治疗效果的潜在方法。通过这样做，本综述旨在为更广泛的临床应用优化姜黄提供新的见解。版权所有 © 2024 张、刘、于、彭和朱。

Curcuma longae Rhizoma, commonly known as turmeric, is extensively utilized not only in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) but also across various traditional medicine systems worldwide. It is renowned for its effectiveness in removing blood stasis, promoting blood circulation, and relieving pain. The primary bioactive metabolites of Curcuma longae Rhizoma-curcumin, β-elemene, curcumol, and curdione-have been extensively studied for their pharmacological benefits. These include anti-tumor properties, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular protection, immune regulation, liver protection, and their roles as analgesics, anti-inflammatories, antivirals, antibacterials, hypoglycemics, and antioxidants. This review critically examines the extensive body of research regarding the mechanisms of action of Curcuma longae Rhizoma, which engages multiple molecular targets and signaling pathways such as NF-κB, MAPKs, and PI3K/AKT. The core objective of this review is to assess how the main active metabolites of turmeric interact with these molecular systems to achieve therapeutic outcomes in various clinical settings. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges related to the bioavailability of these metabolites and explore potential methods to enhance their therapeutic effects. By doing so, this review aims to provide fresh insights into the optimization of Curcuma longae Rhizoma for broader clinical applications.Copyright © 2024 Zhang, Liu, Yu, Peng and Zhu.