鉴于未经治疗的感染可能产生包括肝纤维化、肝硬化和恶性肿瘤在内的潜在后遗症，并且缺乏关于治疗开始时间的明确指导，儿科乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 的管理面临着许多挑战。本综述的目的是介绍儿童乙型肝炎病毒感染评估和治疗中常见的临床情况。每个小插图都提供了一个讨论指南和循证实践以及回顾里程碑式研究和不断发展的实践的机会。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表儿科传染病学会杂志出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限均可通过我们网站文章页面上的“权限”链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 欲了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

The management of hepatitis B virus (HBV) in pediatrics presents many challenges, given the potential sequelae of untreated infection including hepatic fibrosis, cirrhosis, and malignancy, and a lack of clear guidance on the timing of treatment initiation. The goal of this review is to feature common clinical scenarios that occur in the evaluation and treatment of HBV infection in children. Each vignette presents an opportunity to discuss guidelines and evidence-based practices as well as review landmark studies and evolving practices.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.