幽门螺杆菌（H. pylori）与胃窦炎、消化性溃疡、胃腺癌等疾病密切相关。其耐药性非常严重，迫切需要新的抗生素。通过药敏试验筛选出9种紫草化合物，其中脱氧紫草素抑菌效果最好，最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.5~1 µg/mL。此外，脱氧紫草素在酸性环境下也具有良好的抗菌作用，安全性高，幽门螺杆菌不易产生耐药性。通过体内实验，证明脱氧紫草素（7 mg/kg）对多重耐药幽门螺杆菌BS001菌株感染小鼠的急性胃炎具有有益的治疗作用。去氧紫草素治疗后，小鼠胃粘膜内幽门螺杆菌定植明显减少，胃粘膜损伤得到修复，炎症因子减少，治疗效果优于标准三联疗法。因此，脱氧紫草素是解决幽门螺杆菌耐药难题的有前景的先导药物，其抗菌机制可能是破坏生物膜并引起氧化反应。

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is closely associated with the diseases such as gastric sinusitis, peptic ulcers, and gastric adenocarcinoma. Its drug resistance is very severe, and new antibiotics are urgently needed. Nine comfrey compounds were screened by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, among which deoxyshikonin had the best inhibitory effect, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 0.5-1 µg/mL. In addition, deoxyshikonin also has a good antibacterial effect in an acidic environment, it is highly safe, and H. pylori does not readily develop drug resistance. Through in vivo experiments, it was proven that deoxyshikonin (7 mg/kg) had a beneficial therapeutic effect on acute gastritis in mice infected with the multidrug-resistant H. pylori BS001 strain. After treatment with desoxyshikonin, colonization of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa of mice was significantly reduced, gastric mucosal damage was repaired, inflammatory factors were reduced, and the treatment effect was better than that of standard triple therapy. Therefore, deoxyshikonin is a promising lead drug to solve the difficulty of drug resistance in H. pylori, and its antibacterial mechanism may be to destroy the biofilm and cause an oxidation reaction.