慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）是一种异质性疾病，其特征是鼻粘膜和鼻旁窦局部慢性炎症。它影响大约 5% 的人口。本综述基于通过选择性检索文献检索到的相关出版物，特别关注当前的国家和国际指南。CRS 的定义和诊断基于以下因素的组合：鼻内窥镜检查和影像学检查的症状和客观结果。它显着损害生活质量并增加直接和间接的医疗保健费用。在 20-45% 的病例中，CRS 与合并支气管哮喘和进一步疾病的风险显着升高相关（例如，COPD，OR 1.73；抑郁症，HR 1.50；阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停，OR 1.91；癌症，OR 1.14-5.30） 。 CRS 主要采用局部类固醇进行药物治疗（鼻部症状的标准化平均差，-0.63（95% 置信区间 [-0.89；-0.37]；通过 SNOT 测量的生活质量的标准化平均差 -22，-5.46 [-8.08） ; -2.84]），以及鼻腔灌洗和全身性类固醇（适当时使用抗生素）如果适当的药物治疗未能带来足够和持续的改善，则需要进行鼻旁窦内窥镜手术。改善个体症状、总体症状评分和生活质量 患有鼻息肉病的严重难治性 CRS 可以使用生物制剂进行治疗。CRS 需要针对个体情况进行药物和/或手术治疗。

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous condition characterized by local chronic inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and paranasal sinuses. It affects approximately 5% of the population.This review is based on relevant publications retrieved by a selective search of the literature, with particular attention to current national and international guidelines.CRS is defined by, and diagnosed on the basis of, a combination of symptoms and objective findings of nasal endoscopy and imaging studies. It markedly impairs quality of life and gives rise to both direct and indirect health care costs. In 20-45% of cases, CRS is associated with comorbid bronchial asthma and a significantly elevated risk of further diseases (e.g., COPD, OR 1.73; depression, HR 1.50; obstructive sleep apnea, OR 1.91; carcinoma, OR 1.14-5.30). CRS is primarily treated medically with topical steroids (standardized mean difference of nasal symptoms, -0.63 (95% confidence interval [-0.89; -0.37]; standardized mean difference of quality of life as measured by SNOT -22, -5.46 [-8.08; -2.84]), as well as with nasal lavage and, as an option, systemic steroids (and antibiotics where appropriate). If appropriate medical treatment fails to bring about adequate and sustained improvement, endoscopic surgery on the paranasal sinuses is indicated. This improves the individual symptoms, the overall symptom score, and patients' quality of life. Severe refractory CRS with nasal polyposis can be treated with biological agents.CRS calls for individually adapted medical and/or surgical treatment.