旨在估计印度人口中烟草使用与癌症发病率之间关联的强度。对 PubMed、Embase 和 Virtual Health Library 的数据进行了检索，从数据库建立之初到 2022 年 4 月 30 日。除了英语语言和人类语言外，没有任何限制。学习。选择了与吸烟相关的癌症发病率的病例对照和队列研究。数据由两名研究人员独立提取，差异由第三位评价者解决。遵循系统评价和荟萃分析指南的首选报告项目。质量评估是使用纽卡斯尔渥太华量表进行的。大多数是病例对照设计（60, 89.6%），覆盖不同的地理区域，其中马哈拉施特拉邦（18, 30%）和喀拉拉邦（12, 20%）研究最多。使用随机效应模型计算汇总效应大小，并生成森林图。与吸烟和无烟烟草相关的任何癌症的风险分别为 2.71（95% CI，2.25 至 3.16）和 2.68（95% CI，2.22 至 3.14），表明风险相似。从性别来看，吸食烟草与男性的相关性为 2.35（95% CI，2.05 至 2.65），而对于无烟烟草，男性的相关性为 1.77（95% CI，1.47 至 2.07），与 2.34（95% CI，1.26）至 3.42) 对于女性。无论性别、烟草类型和受影响的身体部位如何，印度人群因吸烟而患癌症的风险都是一致的。特定地点分析显示，患呼吸系统癌症的风险较高，为 4.97（95% CI，3.62 至 6.32），头颈癌的风险为 3.95（95% CI，3.48 至 4.42）。这项研究强调，吸烟和无烟烟草的风险相同对印度人口的人类健康有害，为利益相关者和政策制定者制定针对烟草的干预措施提供见解。

To estimate the strength of the association between tobacco use and cancer incidence among the Indian population.Data from PubMed, Embase, and Virtual Health Library were searched from inception of databases till April 30, 2022. There were no restrictions except for English language and human study. Case-control and cohort studies on cancer incidence in relation to tobacco use were selected. Data were extracted independently by two investigators, and discrepancies were resolved by a third reviewer. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed. The quality assessment was done using the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.The majority were case-control designs (60, 89.6%), covering diverse geographic regions, with Maharashtra (18, 30%) and Kerala (12, 20%) being the most studied. Pooled effect sizes were calculated using the random-effects model, and forest plots were generated. The risk of any cancer associated with smoked and smokeless tobacco was 2.71 (95% CI, 2.25 to 3.16) and 2.68 (95% CI, 2.22 to 3.14), respectively, indicating similar risks. Gender-wise, smoked tobacco had an association of 2.35 (95% CI, 2.05 to 2.65) for males, whereas for smokeless tobacco, it was 1.77 (95% CI, 1.47 to 2.07) for males and 2.34 (95% CI, 1.26 to 3.42) for females. Regardless of gender, tobacco type, and affected body parts, the risk of cancer due to tobacco use was consistent in the Indian population. Site-specific analysis showed higher risks of respiratory system cancers of 4.97 (95% CI, 3.62 to 6.32) and head and neck cancers of 3.95 (95% CI, 3.48 to 4.42).This study underscores that both smoked and smokeless tobacco are equally harmful to human health among the Indian population, providing insights for stakeholders and policymakers to arrive at tobacco-specific interventions.