虽然越来越多的证据支持将姑息治疗纳入癌症护理对患者和非正式护理人员的好处，但由于快速变化的疾病轨迹、不确定的预后和多样化的护理需求，它给血液癌症患者带来了挑战。本系统评价旨在提供概述干预措施的组成部分、目标结果、改善患者和非正式护理人员结果的有效性以及临床实践的实施。我们于 2023 年 3 月系统地检索了 PubMed (MEDLINE)、EMBASE、CENTRAL、PsycINFO 和 CINAHL。包括所描述的姑息治疗干预措施，具有多个组成部分，针对血液癌症患者和/或其非正式护理人员，并产生有关有效性或实施情况的主要数据。使用 QualSyst 工具评估质量。我们确定了 19 份关于 16 种不同姑息治疗干预措施的报告，其中包括 4 项准随机对照试验。这些干预措施由医院环境中的二级和三级姑息治疗提供者提供。三级干预措施显着改善了最常见的患者预后，包括疼痛、生活质量、症状负担、抑郁和焦虑。同时，二次干预措施是可行的，并受到医疗保健专业人员和患者的广泛接受。尽管非正式护理人员的纳入有限，但结果表明生活质量和抑郁症显着改善。虽然发现姑息治疗干预措施可以改善患者的治疗结果，但未来还需要对二级姑息治疗干预措施的有效性、整合初级姑息治疗等进行研究可靠且频繁的实施测量。有必要更多地关注非正式护理人员和根据患者需求进行资源分配。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

While the evidence supporting the benefits of integration of palliative care into cancer care for patients and informal caregivers is growing, it poses challenges for hematological cancer patients due to rapidly changing disease trajectories, uncertain prognosis, and diverse care needs.This systematic review aims to provide an overview of the intervention components, the targeted outcomes, the effectiveness in improving patient and informal caregiver outcomes, and the implementation into clinical practice.We systematically searched PubMed (MEDLINE), EMBASE, CENTRAL, PsycINFO, and CINAHL in March 2023. The studies included described interventions in palliative care, with multiple components, targeting patients with hematological cancer and/or their informal caregivers, and producing primary data on effectiveness or implementation. Quality was assessed using the QualSyst tool.We identified 19 reports on 16 different palliative care interventions, including 4 quasi-randomized controlled trials. These interventions were provided by secondary and tertiary palliative care providers in a hospital setting. Tertiary interventions significantly improved the most common patient outcomes, including pain, quality of life, symptom burden, depression, and anxiety. Meanwhile, secondary interventions were feasible and well-accepted by healthcare professionals and patients. Despite limited inclusion of informal caregivers, the results indicated significant improvements in quality of life and depression.While palliative care interventions are found to improve patient outcomes, future research is needed on the effectiveness of secondary palliative care interventions, integrating primary palliative care, and more reliable and frequent implementation measurements. More focus on informal caregivers and resource allocation based on patient needs is warranted.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.