细胞焦亡是由gasdermin家族介导的一种裂解形式的细胞死亡，其特征是细胞肿胀和膜破裂。诱导癌细胞焦亡可以增强抗肿瘤免疫反应，是一种有前途的癌症治疗策略。然而，过度的焦亡可能会因过度和持续的炎症反应而引发炎症性疾病的发展。纳米材料和纳米生物技术以其独特的优势和多样化的结构而闻名，由于它们在癌症等疾病中诱导细胞焦亡的潜力而受到越来越多的关注。用于药物诱导癌细胞焦亡的纳米递送系统可以克服小分子的局限性。此外，纳米药物可以直接诱导和控制细胞焦亡。本综述总结并讨论了基于纳米颗粒治疗炎症性疾病和癌症焦亡的最新进展，重点关注其功能和机制，并为选择治疗焦亡的纳米药物提供了宝贵的见解。然而，由于对纳米生物学相互作用的了解有限，这些策略的临床应用仍然面临挑战。最后，提出了焦亡纳米材料新兴领域的未来前景。© 2024。作者。

Pyroptosis, a lytic form of cell death mediated by the gasdermin family, is characterized by cell swelling and membrane rupture. Inducing pyroptosis in cancer cells can enhance antitumor immune responses and is a promising strategy for cancer therapy. However, excessive pyroptosis may trigger the development of inflammatory diseases due to immoderate and continuous inflammatory reactions. Nanomaterials and nanobiotechnology, renowned for their unique advantages and diverse structures, have garnered increasing attention owing to their potential to induce pyroptosis in diseases such as cancer. A nano-delivery system for drug-induced pyroptosis in cancer cells can overcome the limitations of small molecules. Furthermore, nanomedicines can directly induce and manipulate pyroptosis. This review summarizes and discusses the latest advancements in nanoparticle-based treatments with pyroptosis among inflammatory diseases and cancer, focusing on their functions and mechanisms and providing valuable insights into selecting nanodrugs for pyroptosis. However, the clinical application of these strategies still faces challenges owing to a limited understanding of nanobiological interactions. Finally, future perspectives on the emerging field of pyroptotic nanomaterials are presented.© 2024. The Author(s).