鼻咽癌（NPC）起源于鼻咽部的粘膜上皮，通常位于咽隐窝。这是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，在许多情况下经常导致远处转移，并构成重大的公共卫生挑战，特别是在全球某些地理区域。这篇综述讨论了鼻咽癌的流行病学、危险因素、诊断和治疗方案，强调早期检测和综合管理策略对改善患者预后的重要性。此外，文章还探讨了引起鼻咽癌的复杂机制。理解这些基本原则有助于制定鼻咽癌的具体预防和治疗方法。诊断方法（包括影像学测试和分子生物标志物）的最新进展被强调，以改善鼻咽癌患者的早期诊断和个体化治疗策略。该综述还探讨了治疗早期（I 期和 II 期）鼻咽癌患者的最新进展，强调了针对这一特定患者群体的个体化治疗方法的变化。© 2024。作者。

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) arises from the mucosal epithelium of the nasopharynx and is frequently located in the pharyngeal crypts. This is a highly aggressive malignant tumor that frequently leads to distant metastases in many cases and poses a significant public health challenge, particularly in certain geographic regions globally. This review discusses the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment options for NPC, emphasizing the importance of early detection and comprehensive management strategies in improving patient outcomes. Moreover, the article explores the intricate mechanisms that cause NPC. Comprehending these fundamental principles can assist in creating specific prevention and therapy approaches for NPC. Recent advances in diagnostic methods, including imaging tests and molecular biomarkers, are emphasized to improve early diagnosis and individualized treatment strategies for individuals with NPC. The review also explores the most recent advancements in treating early-stage (stage I and II) NPC patients, highlighting the changing landscape of individualized therapy approaches for this particular set of patients.© 2024. The Author(s).