已发现几种天然化合物可充当 PPARγ 激动剂，从而调节许多生物过程，包括碳水化合物和脂质的代谢、细胞增殖和分化、血管生成和炎症。最近，从真菌 Cladosporium tenuissimum 中纯化的次生代谢物 Cladosporols 已被证明能够通过 PPARγ 介导的基因表达调节来有效控制人类结直肠癌细胞和前列腺癌细胞的细胞增殖。此外，Cladosporols 在 3T3-L1 小鼠前脂肪细胞中表现出强大的抗脂肪形成活性，阻止其体外分化为成熟脂肪细胞。这些数据有趣地指出，在不同细胞或组织的环境中，枝孢醇和 PPARγ 之间的相互作用可能会对受糖尿病、肥胖、炎症和癌症影响的整个生物体产生广泛的有益影响。本综述探讨了 Cladosporol/PPARγ 复合物可能同时干扰脂质代谢失调和癌症促进和进展的分子机制，强调了 Cladosporol 对人类健康的潜在治疗益处。

Several natural compounds have been found to act as PPARγ agonists, thus regulating numerous biological processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and lipids, cell proliferation and differentiation, angiogenesis, and inflammation. Recently, Cladosporols, secondary metabolites purified from the fungus Cladosporium tenuissimum, have been demonstrated to display an efficient ability to control cell proliferation in human colorectal and prostate cancer cells through a PPARγ-mediated modulation of gene expression. In addition, Cladosporols exhibited a strong anti-adipogenetic activity in 3T3-L1 murine preadipocytes, preventing their in vitro differentiation into mature adipocytes. These data interestingly point out that the interaction between Cladosporols and PPARγ, in the milieu of different cells or tissues, might generate a wide range of beneficial effects for the entire organism affected by diabetes, obesity, inflammation, and cancer. This review explores the molecular mechanisms by which the Cladosporol/PPARγ complex may simultaneously interfere with a dysregulated lipid metabolism and cancer promotion and progression, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of Cladosporols for human health.