毛霉菌病是血液系统恶性肿瘤患者发病和死亡的重要原因，但其特征尚不完全清楚。本研究旨在更好地了解中国东部地区血液系统恶性肿瘤毛霉菌病的临床特征。对血液系统恶性肿瘤毛霉菌病患者的人口学特征、微生物学、治疗和90天死亡率进行单中心回顾性分析。 2018年至2023年间的恶性肿瘤。该研究总共纳入了50例病例，其中11例已确诊为毛霉菌病，39例为疑似毛霉菌病病例。患者的中位年龄为39.98±18.52岁，其中52%为男性。其中，46%患有急性髓系白血病（AML），16%患有急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL），16%患有骨髓增生异常综合征。毛霉菌病最常见的表现是肺部（80%）、播散性（16%）和鼻脑部（4%）。通过组织学、培养、显微镜和分子诊断技术证实了诊断。最常见的真菌种类是 Cunninghamella (40%)、Rhizopus (26%) 和 Rhizomucor (22%)。 84% 的病例采用抗真菌治疗，10% 的病例采用手术治疗。 90天死亡率为76%。 Logistic 回归分析显示，两性霉素 B 治疗和手术治疗与生存率改善相关，而中性粒细胞减少症和诊断前服用伏立康唑与较高死亡率相关。毛霉菌病在血液系统恶性肿瘤患者中的死亡率仍然很高。使用包括分子生物学在内的各种技术进行早期诊断，并在可能的情况下适当使用两性霉素 B 和手术，对于成功治疗毛霉菌病至关重要。© 2024。作者。

Mucormycosis is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with hematological malignancies, but its characteristics are not fully understood. This study aimed to gain a better understanding of the clinical features of mucormycosis in patients with hematological malignancies in eastern China.A single-center retrospective analysis was conducted on the demographic profile, microbiology, management, and 90-day mortality of mucormycosis patients with hematological malignancies between 2018 and 2023.A total of 50 cases were included in the study, consisting of 11 proven and 39 probable cases of mucormycosis. The median age of the patients was 39.98 ± 18.52 years, with 52% being male. Among the cases, 46% had acute myeloid leukemia (AML), 16% had acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), and 16% had myelodysplastic syndrome. The most common manifestations of mucormycosis were pulmonary (80%), disseminated (16%), and rhinocerebral (4%). The diagnosis was confirmed through histology, culture, microscopy, and molecular diagnostic techniques. The most commonly identified fungal species were Cunninghamella (40%), Rhizopus (26%), and Rhizomucor (22%). Treatment involved antifungals in 84% of cases and surgery in 10% of cases. The 90-day mortality rate was 76%. Logistic regression analysis revealed that treatment with amphotericin B and surgery was associated with improved survival, while neutropenia and administration of voriconazole prior to diagnosis was associated with higher mortality.Mucormycosis continues to have a high mortality rate in patients with hematological malignancies. Early diagnosis using various techniques, including molecular biology, along with the appropriate use of amphotericin B and surgery when possible, is vital for the successful treatment of mucormycosis.© 2024. The Author(s).