蜂胶是蜜蜂从各种植物来源采集的树脂物质，几个世纪以来一直用于传统民间医学。蜂胶具有多种生物学特性，包括抗菌、抗病毒、抗炎和抗肿瘤特性。蜂胶在口腔保健中的应用归因于其抗菌和抗炎作用。然而，关于蜂胶对抗牙周病原体的体内功效的证据有限。我们旨在评估含巴西绿蜂胶 (BGP) 的牙膏改善口腔环境的功效，并确定其抗菌化合物。总共有 48 名 18 岁的学生志愿者-40 岁（24 名女性和 24 名男性）被随机分为 BGP 组和安慰剂组。 BGP 组和安慰剂组分别接受含有和不含 BGP 的牙膏。基线评估后，在第0、1和2周时分析牙菌斑指数（PI）评分、牙龈指数（GI）评分以及舌表面牙周病原体的比例。采用液液分配、高效液相色谱纯化、核磁共振等方法对抗菌成分进行鉴定。牙膏中BGP的浓度设定为0.0347 w/v%。与安慰剂组相比，BGP 组表现出 PI 评分降低（p<0.05），但 GI 评分没有降低，牙龈卟啉单胞菌（Pg）/细菌总数（Tb）、具核梭杆菌（Fn）降低)/Tb 和 Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)/Tb (p<0.05)，但不在唾液链球菌/Tb 中。 Pg、Fn 和 Aa 的效应大小分别为 0.360、0.556 和 0.164。含BGP牙膏的抗菌化合物包括山奈/桦木醇的混合物。我们证实了具有最佳山奈/桦木醇比例的蜂胶牙膏改善口腔微生物群的功效，从而表明BGP牙膏在临床上可用于维持口腔健康和预防口腔疾病。牙周病。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Propolis is a resinous substance collected by honeybees from various plant sources and has been used in traditional folk medicine for centuries. Propolis has various biological properties, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor properties. The use of propolis in oral health care is attributable to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. However, limited evidence exists on the in vivo efficacy of propolis against periodontal pathogens.We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Brazilian green propolis (BGP)-containing toothpaste for improving the oral environment and define its antibacterial compounds.Overall, 48 student volunteers aged 18-40 years (24 females and 24 males) were randomly categorized into the BGP and placebo groups. The BGP and placebo groups received toothpaste with and without BGP, respectively. After a baseline assessment, the plaque index (PI) score, gingival index (GI) score, and proportion of periodontal pathogens on the tongue surface were analyzed at 0, 1, and 2 weeks. Antibacterial compounds were identified using liquid-liquid partitioning, high-performance liquid chromatography purification, and nuclear magnetic resonance methods.The concentration of BGP in the toothpaste was set at 0.0347 w/v%. Compared with the placebo group, the BGP group demonstrated a reduction in the PI score (p<0.05) but not in the GI score, as well as a reduction in Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg)/Total bacteria (Tb), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn)/Tb, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa)/Tb (p<0.05) but not in Streptococcus salivalius/Tb. Effect sizes for Pg, Fn and Aa were 0.360, 0.556, and 0.164, respectively. The antibacterial compounds of the BGP-containing toothpaste included a mixture of kaempferide/betuletol.We confirmed the efficacy of propolis toothpaste with an optimal kaempferide/betuletol ratio for improving oral microbiota, thereby suggesting that BGP toothpaste is clinically useful in maintaining oral health and preventing periodontal disease.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.