手术中不可避免的残留肿瘤组织和肿瘤细胞的强烈侵袭性给肿瘤患者的术后治疗带来了挑战，并伴随着肿瘤原位复发和生活质量下降。因此，迫切需要探索合适的术后治疗策略，清除术后残留肿瘤细胞，抑制肿瘤术后复发和转移。近年来，随着生物医用材料的快速发展，局部递送系统作为术后递送治疗剂的研究逐渐引起研究者的关注。可注射原位形成水凝胶是一种以溶液形式原位注射的局部给药药剂，可以负载各种治疗剂并在治疗部位快速凝胶化形成半固体凝胶。这种类型的水凝胶紧密填充手术部位并覆盖不规则的切除表面。本文综述了可注射型原位成型水凝胶在术后治疗中应用的最新进展，重点介绍了该类水凝胶的基质材料及其在不同类型肿瘤术后治疗中的应用，并进行了讨论其临床应用的挑战和前景。

The unavoidable residual tumor tissue from surgery and the strong aggressiveness of tumor cells pose challenges to the postoperative treatment of tumor patients, accompanied by in situ tumor recurrence and decreased quality of life. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore appropriate postoperative therapeutic strategies to remove residual tumor cells after surgery to inhibit tumor recurrence and metastasis after surgery. In recent years, with the rapid development of biomedical materials, the study of local delivery systems as postoperative delivery of therapeutic agents has gradually attracted the attention of researchers. Injectable in situ-forming hydrogel is a locally administered agent injected in situ as a solution that can be loaded with various therapeutic agents and rapidly gels to form a semi-solid gel at the treatment site. This type of hydrogel tightly fills the surgical site and covers irregular excision surfaces. In this paper, we review the recent advances in the application of injectable in situ-forming hydrogels in postoperative therapy, focusing on the matrix materials of this type of hydrogel and its application in the postoperative treatment of different types of tumors, as well as discussing the challenges and prospects of its clinical application.