凡纳滨对虾是分布广泛的广盐性水生动物，受低盐度影响，会影响其抗病能力和免疫力。然而，人们对不同遗传背景的南美白对虾对低盐度的适应机制还知之甚少。因此，本研究旨在比较南美白对虾低盐耐受（FG I/J）和低盐敏感（对照）家族的免疫特征和转录组学。此外，抗病性和免疫参数（包括[THC]、血淋巴细胞活力、溶菌酶活性[LZM]、酚氧化酶含量[PO]、白介素-6[IL-6]和肿瘤坏死因子-α[TNF-α] ）对南美白对虾FG I/J和对照科在低盐度（5‰）和环境盐度（24‰）下的情况进行了检查。此外，在盐度为 5‰ 时对 FG I/J 和对照家族的肝胰腺转录组进行了分析。结果表明，FG I/J家系比对照家系对副溶血性弧菌具有更高的抗病能力和更强的免疫能力。转录组分析显示能量代谢和免疫调节途径显着丰富。因此，我们推测，能量代谢为FG I/J家族的免疫调节提供了充足的能量，以应对长期低盐胁迫，实现高生长和存活率。版权所有©2024 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

Litopenaeus vannamei is a widely distributed euryhaline aquatic animal, affected by low salinity, which can impact its disease resistance and immunity. However, there is a limited understanding of the adaptation mechanisms of L. vannamei with different genetic backgrounds to low salinity. Therefore, the present study aimed to compare the immunity characteristics and transcriptomics of L. vannamei low salt-tolerant (FG I/J) and low salt-sensitive (control) families. Also, the disease resistance and immune parameters (including [THC], hemolymph cell viability, lysozyme activity [LZM], phenoloxidase content [PO], interleukin-6 [IL-6], and tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]) of the FG I/J and control families of L. vannamei under low salinity (5‰) and ambient salinity (24‰) were examined. Additionally, hepatopancreas transcriptomics of the FG I/J and control families were analyzed at a salinity of 5‰. The results showed that the FG I/J family had higher disease resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus and stronger immunological capacity than the control family. Transcriptomic analysis showed significantly enriched energy metabolism and immune regulation pathways. Therefore, we speculated that energy metabolism provides sufficient energy for immunological modulation in the FG I/J family to deal with long-term low-salt stress and achieve high growth and survival rates.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.