针对 HER2 乳腺癌患者的 HER2 靶向疗法正在迅速发展，提供了一系列更复杂和个性化的治疗选择。目前，在治疗和姑息治疗中，使用一系列抗 HER2 单克隆抗体、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和抗体药物缀合物，有时与化疗或内分泌治疗一起使用。然而，HER2 乳腺癌的异质性需要更深入地了解疾病生物学及其在新型 HER2 靶向药物以及非 HER2 靶向疗法的反应中的作用，以优化患者的治疗结果。在这篇综述中，我们重新审视了 HER2 靶向药物的作用机制，检查了支持在 HER2 扩增肿瘤患者中使用双重 HER2 阻断的证据，并探讨了生物标志物在指导未来治疗策略中的作用。我们还讨论了对 HER2 乳腺癌患者未来治疗的潜在影响。© 2024。Springer Nature Limited。

HER2-targeted therapies for patients with HER2+ breast cancer are rapidly evolving, offering a range of more complex and personalized treatment options. Currently, an array of anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antibody-drug conjugates are administered, sometimes alongside chemotherapy or endocrine therapy, both in curative and palliative contexts. However, the heterogeneous nature of HER2+ breast cancer demands a deeper understanding of disease biology and its role in responsiveness to novel HER2-targeted agents, as well as non-HER2-targeted therapies, in order to optimize patient outcomes. In this Review, we revisit the mechanisms of action of HER2-targeted agents, examine the evidence supporting the use of dual HER2 blockade in patients with HER2-amplified tumours, and explore the role of biomarkers in guiding future treatment strategies. We also discuss potential implications for the future treatment of patients with HER2+ breast cancer.© 2024. Springer Nature Limited.