癌症是全球死亡的主要原因，传统治疗方法疗效有限且副作用严重。纳米技术的使用有可能通过创建高效且受控的抗癌药物输送系统来减少药物的副作用。用作药物载体的纳米颗粒（NP）具有多种优势，包括增强的药物保护、生物分布、选择性和药代动力学。因此，本综述致力于基于不同结构单元的各种有机（脂质、聚合物）和无机纳米颗粒，并提供各种有效的抗癌药物输送系统。在这些纳米颗粒系统中，特别强调基于壳聚糖（CS）的纳米颗粒，因为壳聚糖及其衍生物具有独特的性质，包括无毒性、生物降解性、粘膜粘附性和可调节的物理化学以及生物特性，允许它们改变专门针对癌细胞。在简化纳米颗粒药物输送系统 (DDS) 的背景下，包括基于纳米平台的创新癌症治疗途径，涉及被动和主动靶向以及刺激响应 DDS，增强了已开发的 NP-DDS 对目标的整体正交性。关于使用基于各种纳米颗粒系统（特别是 CSNP）的现代剂型提供抗癌药物的最新信息，对其优点、局限性和高级应用进行了总结和评估。© 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版

Cancer is the leading cause of death globally, and conventional treatments have limited efficacy with severe side effects. The use of nanotechnology has the potential to reduce the side effects of drugs by creating efficient and controlled anticancer drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles (NPs) used as drug carriers offer several advantages, including enhanced drug protection, biodistribution, selectivity and, pharmacokinetics. Therefore, this review is devoted to various organic (lipid, polymeric) as well as inorganic nanoparticles based on different building units and providing a wide range of potent anticancer drug delivery systems. Within these nanoparticulate systems, chitosan (CS)-based NPs are discussed with particular emphasis due to the unique properties of CS and its derivatives including non-toxicity, biodegradability, mucoadhesivity, and tunable physico-chemical as well as biological properties allowing their alteration to specifically target cancer cells. In the context of streamlining the nanoparticulate drug delivery systems (DDS), innovative nanoplatform-based cancer therapy pathways involving passive and active targeting as well as stimuli-responsive DDS enhancing overall orthogonality of developed NP-DDS towards the target are included. The most up-to-date information on delivering anti-cancer drugs using modern dosage forms based on various nanoparticulate systems and, specifically, CSNPs, are summarised and evaluated concerning their benefits, limitations, and advanced applications.© 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.